美国英格索兰公司美国英格索兰公司 拧紧基础知识拧紧基础知识拧紧机资料之一工具形式及选择工具形式及选择 POSITIVESPOSITIVES正版的正版的 High power to High power to weight ratioweight ratio重量比率高重量比率高 FastFast快速（速度快）快速（速度快） No ReactionNo Reaction没有反应没有反应 Non Technical Non Technical MaintenanceMaintenance非技术维修非技术维修 CompactCompact体积小体积小 InexpensiveInexpensive价格适中价格适中NEGATIVESNEGATIVES盗版的盗版的 Little or No controlLittle or No control半受半受 控或不受控控或不受控 NoisyNoisy有噪音有噪音 High VibrationHigh Vibration高振动高振动冲击扳手冲击扳手冲击扳手结构冲击扳手结构外形、轮廓巨大的锤子NEGATIVES消极t Torque Readoutt Run down speedt Two Hand Operation (angle wrenches)POSITIVES积极tGood Repeatabilityt Inexpensivet Low Overshoot离合器型气动工具离合器型气动工具价格适宜冲劲低重复性能好运行速度下降双手操作自己读力矩 Once pre set torque Once pre set torque is delivered to the is delivered to the joint, Clutch spring joint, Clutch spring gets compressed gets compressed triggering the triggering the mechanism to shut mechanism to shut off air supply to the off air supply to the motor, providing motor, providing excellent excellent repeatability.repeatability.一旦预先设定 的扭矩传递到结合处，离合器弹簧压缩， 触发空气供应切断机制运行 ，并能重复性 工作，且效果优良。离合器自动断气型扳手离合器自动断气型扳手扭矩推杆汽车 末端离合器 弹簧离合器 调节螺 母螺丝 起子POSITIVESPOSITIVES Accurate Accurate Low NoiseLow Noise CleanClean Closed - Loop FeedbackClosed - Loop Feedback ErgonomicErgonomic Low Running CostLow Running Cost Can be interfaced with Can be interfaced with PLCs and BCRsPLCs and BCRsNEGATIVESNEGATIVES High Initial InvestmentHigh Initial Investment Torque ReactionTorque Reaction Two hand operation Two hand operation (angle tools)(angle tools)电动拧紧机电动拧紧机精确噪音低清洁闭环反馈工效性运行成本低兼具燃料装填控制系统 和 BCRs初始投 资高扭矩反应两手操作拧紧机控制柜拧紧机控制柜拧紧工具选择拧紧工具选择Operator ErgonomicsOperator Ergonomics (Reaction, Tool Weight, Arm (Reaction, Tool Weight, Arm Position, Frequency)Position, Frequency)Cycle RateCycle RateFastener and Drive TypeFastener and Drive TypeAccess to FastenerAccess to Fastener (Size and Space Constraints)(Size and Space Constraints)Joint CriticalityJoint CriticalityData Collection Data Collection Torque LevelTorque LevelBudgetBudgetPower SourcePower SourceMaintainabilityMaintainabilityTightening StrategyTightening Strategy严谨的策略维修能力力源数据收集结合临界预算紧固件通道扭矩水平循环率紧固件和 驱动类型人机工程学 的应用（反 应，工具重 量，力臂位 置，频率）拧紧工具选择综述拧紧工具选择综述 Reliable bolted joints are dependent on many factors:Reliable bolted joints are dependent on many factors:Fastener quality and typeConsistency of joint materialsAssembly tool usedAssembly method or strategyOperator InfluenceFrictional ScatterMaintenance of bolt clamp load Tool and assembly method selection should occur early Tool and assembly method selection should occur early in the design process to be most effectivein the design process to be most effective螺栓连接的可靠性影响因素很多：紧固件质量和类型联合材料的一致性所用的集装工具集装方法或集装策略操作人员的影响摩擦散射螺栓钳负荷的维护工具和装配方法的选择应在设计过程中及早进行，这样才最有效扭矩测量术语扭矩测量术语 动态扭矩动态扭矩- - Peak Torque Measured During the Installation of a Peak Torque Measured During the Installation of a Fastener Using a Power ToolFastener Using a Power Tool- The Preferred and Most - The Preferred and Most Accurate Measurement For Assembly Statistical process Accurate Measurement For Assembly Statistical process ControlControl 静态扭矩静态扭矩 - - Torque Value That Exist Without Producing Rotation in a Torque Value That Exist Without Producing Rotation in a FastenerFastener - Used Only as an Indication of a Minimum Torque- Used Only as an Indication of a Minimum Torque残留扭矩残留扭矩- - Torque Measured After Fastener is Installed by Rotating Torque Measured After Fastener is Installed by Rotating The Fastener in Tightening DirectionThe Fastener in Tightening Direction - Can Have Significant Measurement Error depending on - Can Have Significant Measurement Error depending on equipment used to Audit Torqueequipment used to Audit Torque峰顶扭矩测量应用在用扭力工具进行紧固件安装中-这是统计过程控制最恰当最精确的测量方法。转矩存在的价值不产生旋转的紧固件，仅作为最低转矩的说明当紧固件按某一方向被旋紧安装后再进行扭 矩测量重大测量误差的产生取决于所使用设备的审计转矩扭矩测量扭矩测量 “ “标记法标记法 Back-to-the-Mark”Back-to-the-Mark” 准确度准确度: : 高高方便性方便性/ /速度速度: : 低低Mark then loosen Bolt. Tighten Back to Original Position标记后柠松螺栓，再拧紧回初始位置。 Truly Checks Dynamic Tightening Torque切切实实的检查动态 拧紧扭矩 Works Only in Tapped Holes这种方法仅仅用在各塞孔处 Time Consuming耗费时间扭矩测量扭矩测量 “ “Off-torque”Off-torque” 准确度准确度: : 低低方便性方便性/ /速度速度: : 中中Measure Peak Loosening Torque测量松动扭矩的峰值Measurement of Off-Torque Does Not Relate Accurately to Tightening TorqueOff-Torque紧固扭矩的测量方法缺乏准确性不知道扭矩测量扭矩测量 带响声手动扭矩扳手带响声手动扭矩扳手 准确度准确度: : 低低方便性方便性/ /速度速度: : 高高Apply Torque Until Wrench Clicks at Set Torque扳手点击所设扭矩之前的扭矩为适合扭矩Not a Real Audit Method - Basically a Torque Re- Application Method不是一种真正的审查方法,基本上是一种扭矩再应用检测Only Gives Assurance That Inspected Fastener Has Been Tightened只能用来检测早先紧固件的紧固情况扭矩测量扭矩测量 扭矩手动扳手扭矩手动扳手准确度准确度: : 低低方便性方便性/ /速度速度: : 中中Apply Torque Until Operator Senses Movement操作人员能够感应到移动之前的扭矩为适合扭矩Read Peak Torque on Tool Indicator从指示器上读出峰值扭矩Subject to Operators Skill and Joint Conditions遵从操作技能和共同条件扭矩测量扭矩测量 扭矩扭矩/ /角度角度 扳手带外部记录仪器扳手带外部记录仪器 准确度准确度: : 较高较高方便性方便性/ /速度速度: