Parts of a Sentence &Five Kinds of Simple Sentences句子的成分 (PARTS OF A SENTENCE)组成句子的各个部分叫做句 子的成分，即主语、谓语、 表语、宾语、宾语补足语、 定语 和状语。主语和谓语 是句子的主体部分。 主语 (subject) 表示句子叙述的主体是“什么人”或“什么事物”， 一般由 名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或 从句等充当。 Eg. Im from Australia. Friends are very important to me. Living in that island country for three months was an unforgettable experience for me.Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, happy and wise.Whether well go depends on the weather.代词 名词动名词短语不定式短语从句谓语 (predicate) 说明主语的动作、状态或特征。谓语用动词或动 短语充当。 Eg. My name is Jenna. Im beginning senior high school this year.充当谓语的动词系动词及物动词不及物动词表语 (predicative) 说明主语的身份、特征或状态，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或 形容词的词、短语或从句等充当，与系动词一起构成谓语。 Eg. Melbourne is a very beautiful city. Her interests are similar to mine. You look nice today. All he said was to help us improve our English.All I could do was send him a telegram.We must be off now.They are twice the size of chickens.My idea is that we should stick to our original plan.宾语 (object) 表示动作、行为的对象或承受者，由名词、代 词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当。I love tennis and badminton.I might even visit you one day. I dont think he will come today. She died a heroic death.They didnt promise him anything definite定语 (attribute) 用来修饰名词或代词，由形容词、代词、数词、 名词 、介词短语或相当于形容词的词、短语或 从句等充当 。What is your school like? Ill make a lot of new friends over the next three years. I value friends who are honest. This is indeed a most pressing problem. There are two things to be discussed today. the interests of the people / a man of good temper / a child of five状语 (adverbial) 用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，表示行为发生 的时间、地点 、目的、方式、程度等意义，通 常由副词、介词短语或相当 于副词的词、短语 或从句等充当。I live in the city of Melbourne. I can actually see the ocean from my home. Please reply if you have time. He came up shouldering a spade. We completed the work five days ahead of time. Seeing this, some students became very worried. He entered the room, his nose red with cold. 简单句的五种基本句型 (FIVE KINDS OF SIMPLE SENTENCES) S + V We exercise. S + V + O He loves sports. S + V + P Friends are important. S + v+ IN O + D O She wrote me a letter. S + V + O + OC Jenna wants Cheng Hui to reply to her letter. Which type do the following sentences belong to?Which type do the following sentences belong to?The plan sounds perfect.We all breathe, drink and eat.The meeting lasted for two hours.He is doing morning exercises.主 + 谓主 + 系 + 表主 + 谓 + 宾主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补主 + 谓 + 状主主 + + 谓谓 + + 宾宾 + + 状状Jim brought his suitcases upstairs.She made herself a new dress.I found my son fast asleep.句句 子子 的的 种种 类类一、一、 陈述句：陈述句：She arrived quite early. (事实) / She may have arrived now. (看法) 二、疑问句：二、疑问句：1一般疑问句：Has the factory gone into production?Shall I turn on the TV?2特殊疑问句：Which colour do you prefer?How much is this table-cloth?3选择疑问句： 一般疑问句 + or + 第二个选择:Are you an Englishman or an American? 特殊疑问句 + 选择部分:Which do you prefer, red wine or white?4反意（或附加）疑问句：You are not going out today, are you? Yes, I am. / No, Im not.三、祈使句：三、祈使句：Be sure to get here before nine.You do it right now.四、感叹句：四、感叹句： what + 感叹句：What a noble-hearted man he was!What good news it is! how + 感叹句：How well she dances!How fast they are working!句句 子子 的的 结结 构构 层层 次次一、简单句二、并列句：We love peace but we are not afraid of war.Hurry up, its getting late.三、复合句：There is something in what he said.Thats exactly what I am planning to do.四、并列复合句