Attributive ClauseThe clause used as the attribute in a sentence is calledstructure:antecedent + ( 先行词)relative pron. (as sub. or obj.)relative adv. (as adverbial)(that / which / who(m) / whose) (when / where / why)Language studyLanguage studyRelative pronounsTalking about peopleTalking about people Do you know the man who / that came to see Xiao Yang this morning.Talking about thingsTalking about thingsI couldnt find the book which / that I bought yesterday.whosewhose Do you know the boy whose parents are on holiday?He is a man who / whom / that we should all learn from.The table which / that you just saw is made of plastics.Ive never been to the room whose windows are broken.Language studyLanguage studywho/ whom/ thatwho/ whom/ thatn这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从 句中作主语和宾语。nE.g. Is he the man who/that wants to see you? （ who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. （ whom/that在从句中作宾语）whosewhosen用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还 可以同of which the互换） nThey rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.nPlease pass me the book whose （of which the ） cover is green. 关系代词关系代词that that 的用法的用法 a） 引导非限定性定语从句时e.g. The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. （wrong）nb） 介词后不能用e.g. We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.1）关系代词不用that的情况先行词为all, anything, nothing, something, little, few, much等不定代词时我能用的（东西）极其少There is little that I can use.先行词被all, each, few, much, every, no ,some, any等 不定代词修饰时你需要的书都在这儿All the books that you need are here.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时这是他用英语写的第一篇作文This is the first composition that he has written in English.2）. 关系代词只能用that的情况先行词既有人又有物时 。 他谈到了他曾拜访过的老师和学校。 He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 主句是以who或which开头的疑问句 在那里说话的人是谁? Who is the man that is speaking over there? 先行词被the only, the very, the last等修饰时这正是我在找的枪。 This is the very gun that I am looking for.先行词在从句中做表语时 他已经不是三十年前的那个年轻人了。 He is not the young man that he was thirty years ago.在there be 句型中，如先行词指物，用that,而不 用which. There are many books that were written by him in my home. There is a house that has beautiful windows.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句 n关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或原因的 名词，在从句中作状语。 e.g.nJuly and August are the months when the weather is hot. (时间状语)Shes going home where she can rest.（地点状语 ）Do you know the reason why I left early? (原因状 语)判断关系代词与关系副词判断关系代词与关系副词把先行词放回从句，看它在从句中所作的成分。1. 如果不需要添词句子仍然完整，那先行词在从句 中作主语、宾语、定语（表所属关系），选择关系代 词（who, whom, that, which, whose)。2. 如果需要添介词才能使从句完整，那么先行词在 从句中作状语，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语 ，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）。 判断改错：nThis is the mountain village where I visited last year.nI will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.nThis is the mountain village （which） I visited last year.nIll never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.n习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副 词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关 系词的误用上。判断关系代词与关系副词判断关系代词与关系副词n方法： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主 、宾、定、状），就能正确选择出关系代词/关系 副词。n例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?nA. where B. that C. on which D. the onen例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held.nA. where B. that C. on which D. the one判断关系代词与关系副词判断关系代词与关系副词n例1变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.nA. where B. that C. on which D. the onen 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了 主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代 词，所以应选D。n例2变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. nA. where B. that C. on which D. the onen 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的 状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。 而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. 2.The girl whom I met is Lucy. 3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. 4.I like the book which you bought yesterday. 5. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor. 6. I like the person to whom you just talked. 7. We shall never forget the days that we spent together. 8. We shall never forget the days when we lived together. 确定关系词在从句中的成分确定关系词在从句中的成分介词+关系词引导的定语从句 1）某些在从句中充当时间，地点等状语的“介词+关系词“结 构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如： This is the house _ I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day _ you joined our club? 2）介词后面的关系词不能省略。 3）先行词是物，关系词用which, 先行词是人,则关系词用 whom 4)表所属关系时用of which/whomThe boy whose/ of whom the parents are both doctors won the first place in the exam. 5)表原因，用for which Is this the reason Is this the reason why (for which)why (for which) he refused our offer?he refused our offer? 介词关系词介词关系词结构中介词的确定来源于构成完整时间、地点状语所需补出的介 词This is the mountain village _ I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days _ I worked together with you.来源于动词短语He is really the person _ whom we have a lot to learn.The girl _ whom you are talking is working for an international organization.限制性和非限制性定语从句限制性和非限制性定语从句 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语 从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意 思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的 附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它 与主句之间通常用逗号分开。e.g.nThis is the house which we bought last month. 这 是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限