供應鏈規劃與執行模組世新大學資管系 鄒慶士 副教授1AgendanOverview/Features of SCMnSupply Chain Network DesignnAdvanced Planning and SchedulingnShop Floor ControlnMES/MCS2nEnterprise functional silos with conflicting goalsPurchasingManufacturingDistributionCustomer Service/ SalesFew change - oversStable schedulesLong run lengthsHigh inventoriesHigh service levelsRegional stocksSOURCEMAKEDELIVERSELLLow pur- chase priceMultiple vendorsLow invent- oriesLow trans -portationOverview of SCM - Issues3Overview and targets of SCMn Definition of Supply Chain Management:Supply Chain Management describes all kind of activities across multiple companies or locations to optimize the manufacturing of products. Hereby concerning all interfaces on operational and strategic level for involved associates.n Mainfocusn Development of heterogeneous global production networksn Increased integration of advanced technologiesn Minimzing costs for inventories and deliveries n Long term relationships (customer / supplier binding)n Customer satisfactionn ByERP - Basis SCM - Tools Internet 4Overview and targets of SCMBuys Ingredients and ComponentsMakes a ProductMoves it to a Distribution CenterStores it at Distribution CentersStores it in a WarehouseMoves it to StoresStores it in the StoreSells it to ConsumersMulti Enterprise Supply ChainsSource: I2-Technologies5Overview and targets of SCMn Integration of suppliers in planning in consideration of.n Suppliers inventoriesn Suppliers manufacturing capacitiesn Transport times and capacitiesReduction of own inventories6n Integrated planning of supply chains leads ton Reduction of inventoriesn Cost savingsn Capability to meet promised delivery datesIncreased customer satisfactionIntensified customer bindingPerspective to extend the sales marketOverview and targets of SCM7Prerequisites for successn No management method guarantees itself for successn Type of product leads to special type of supply chainPrimarily functional productsn Dont change much over timen Long life cyclesn Predictable demandn Stability invites competitionn Leads often to low profit marginsPrimarily innovative productsn Enables higher profit marginsn Short life cycle (typically few month)n Volatile demandn Newness makes demand unpredictablen Importance of early sales8Prerequisites for successPrimarily functional productsn Supply at lowest costs to predictabledemandn High utilization rate of capacity n Minimize inventoriesn Short lead time as it doesnt increasecostsn Select suppliers primarily forcosts and qualityPhysical efficiencyMinimize costs by n Physical efficiencyPrimarily innovative productsn Respond quickly to unpredictable demandn Deploy excess buffer capacity n Deploy significant buffer stocksn Invest aggressively to reduce lead timen Select suppliers primarily forspeed, flexibility and qualityResponsiveness to marketMinimize costs byn Highest responsiveness to market n Minimize risk of shortages or excesssupply9Prerequisites for successEfficientResponsiveFunctionalInnovativematchmatchmismatchmismatchUse of SCM software tools like APO10Prerequisites for success11SCM Business ProcessesnTechnology helps enable a variety of SCM business processesnPush to pullnProcess orientationnOptimizationnPostponementnMore frequent planningnCollaboration12nMove from push to pull manufacturingManufacturersDistributors/ WholesalersConsumersSuppliersRetailersManufacturersDistributors/ WholesalersConsumersSuppliersRetailers Make what we will sell, not sell what we will make! Features of SCM13PurchasingManufacturingDistributionCustomer Service /SalesAvailable-to-Promise (ATP) Capable-to-Promise (CTP)nMove from functional silos to process-oriented business processes (e.g., order- to-cash, cash-to-cash)Integrated Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP)SOURCEMAKEDELIVERSELLFeatures of SCM14nOptimization of all supply chain activitiesSupply Chain OptimizationSynchronized, Concurrent PlanningDemand PlanningDistribution PlanningManufacturing PlanningProcurement PlanningIndependent, Sequential PlanningForecastingDistribution PlanningManufacturing PlanningProcurement PlanningFeatures of SCM15PostponementnMove to MTO,ATO and CTO from MTSnFront-end APS suites support nATP/CTPnProduct configurationnBack-end integration to transaction systemsInternational Trade LogisticsWarehouse ManagementAdvanced Planning Scheduling Customer Relationship ManagementLogisticsManufacturingMaterials ManagementAccounting Human Resources E A IFeatures of SCM16nMore frequent planning means responsive to changing customer needs while decreasing inventoriesTimeTimeAverage SupplyAverage SupplyPlanning CyclePlanningCycleFeatures of SCM17ne-Business will enable supply chain collaboration among trading partnersManufacturerDistributors/ WholesalersSuppliersRetailersCollaborative Demand PlanningCollaborative Logistics Planning Transportation services Distribution center servicesSynchronized Production SchedulingCollabora