Unit 4 GrammarUnit 4 GrammarThe Attributive Clause(定语从句）在主从复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定 语从句。定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词，起“定语” 的作用，修饰说明名词、代词或主句全部内容；被修饰 的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫引导词， 定语从句通常放在先行词的后面1.定语从句的概念 The woman who lives next door is a teacher.The woman who lives next door is a teacher.2.引导词 关系代词 who, whom, whose, that, which关系副词 when, where, why要做好定语从句有关试题，就得必须理解透“关系词”具 有的三种功能： (1)引导一个定语从句。(在定语从句开头) (2)替代“先行词”。（省去从句中对应的 he/she/it/they/him/her/them/） (3)在定语从句中充当成分。(作主语/宾语/定语/状语）关系代词: 1. who指人,作主语或宾语who (whom)IThe professor who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.3.用法The man who my brother likes mostis Yao Ming2. whom指人,作宾语The man whom I talked to just now is Mr. Li.The man to whom I talked just now is Mr. Li.The man whom my mother saw in the street is my teacher.3. which 指物，作主语或宾语These are the trees which were planted last year. The radio （which） he is using is made in Japan. 用法 that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine that can fly.用法Reader is the magazine that I like most.The girl that I met is Lucy. The girl that is standing there is Mary.whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词 与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。 whose 多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which (the) 互换使用。 This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which the cover is blue.用法Sum up(小结 ）主语宾语定语状语指人whothatwhomthat whowhose指物whichthatwhichthatwhose关系词的作用Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.先行词和关系词的关系Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.关系代词的实质the machinea machineJoin the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.关系代词的实质a machine that /which关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.her The girl关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.her The girl关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.her The girl关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.her The girl关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.The girl that / who we saw yesterday is Mary.I met the boy. He can speak English I met the boy who/that can speak English.Have a tryHave a tryJohn is the boy. You wrote to him. John is the boy whom/who/that you wrote to.He is the manager. His car broke down He is the manager whose car broke down.He works in the shop The shop sells books. He works in the shop that/which sells books.This is the book. Im looking for the book. This is the book that/which Im looking for.Mary lives in the room. Its window faces South. Mary lives in the room whose window faces South.定语从句高考点例析定语从句高考点例析考点一：考点一：thatthat和和whichwhich以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。 1. 先行词为不定代词everything ，anything， nothing ， all ， much ， little。 e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen. 2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用 that。 e.g. This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.考点一：考点一：thatthat和和whichwhich3. 先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰时， 用that。 e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now. 4. 先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。 e.g. We talked about the things and the persons that we saw then. 5. 定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时， 需用that。 e.g. A plane is a machine that can fly. that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine. This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the very book that belongs to (属于）him.(1) 先行词为everything, nothing, something,anything, all, much , little 等不定代词时。(2)先行词被all, much , little,every, some, no, any, 等修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。小结：that与which的区别(5) 先行词同时指人和指物 They talked about the things and the persons that they saw .考点二：连接词考点二：连接词whichwhich的用法的用法Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也 可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。 e.g. 1. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it BB 考点三：考点三：asas与与whichwhich引导的定语从句引导的定语从句两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以 互换，但下列情况多用as。 1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round. 2. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。 e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting.I have the same plan as you.Go on Please!Go on Please!3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用as， 反之则用which。 e.g.She has married again, as was expected(期望）.She has married again, which was unexpected.Go on please!Go on please!4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被 动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等 。如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用 which作主语，但不能放在句子开头。 e.g. She has been la