1view, sight, scene(1)view(从某角度看到的)景色，风景，自然美景。(2)sight 情景，景象，看见的事物。(3)scene 景象，风光，事故现场，场面。From the top of Mount Tai, you can get a wonderful view of sunrise.从泰山顶上你可以看到特别美丽的日出景色。Seeing the scene of children playing happily in the park, Im full of confidence of our country.看到孩子们在公园里高兴玩耍的场面，我对我们国家(的未来)充满了自信心。2reputation, impression(1)reputation 表示“名誉，名声”。(2)impression 表示“印象”，常用于短语give/leave an impression on sb.“给某人留下印象”。The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good reputation.(摘自2010江苏高考)这名医生在治疗心脏病方面医术高超，而且从不收病人的礼物，所以享有良好的名誉。3state, position, condition, situation(1)state 状态，样子，情况，形势。(2)position位置，职位。(3)condition条件，境况。(4)situation形势，状况，局面。From their position on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.(摘自2009陕西高考)从他们所在的电视塔顶的位置，游客们能更好地观看这个城市的风景。School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous situations.学生们必须接受如何应付危险情况的教育。He was in a poor state of health.他的健康状况不佳。4mark, sign, signal, symbol(1)mark 标志，标记。(2)sign 记号，标记，迹象。(3)signal 信号。(4)symbol 象征，符号。In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a signal for everyone to stand up.(摘自2009湖北高考)在课堂上，铃声响起，老师合上书就是我们起立的信号。In communication, a smile is usually a strong sign of a friendly and open attitude.(摘自2011重庆高考)在交流方面，微笑通常是友好坦诚态度的明显标志。1(2011福建高考)The lack of ecofriendly habits among the public is thought to be a major_of global climate change.Aresult BcauseCwarning Dreflection解析：考查名词辨析。句意：公众缺乏环保习惯被认为是全球气候变化的一个主要原因。cause “原因，起因”； result “结果”； warning “警告”； reflection “反思，反省”。根据句意可知，正确答案为B项。答案： B2(2011浙江高考)Anyway, I cant cheat him its against all my _.Aemotions BprinciplesCregulations Dopinions解析：考查名词辨析。句意：无论如何我都不能欺骗他这违背我做人的原则。principle常用复数形式，意为“(行为的)准则、规范”。如：principles of conduct “行为的准则”。emotion “情感，情绪”； regulation “规章，规则”； opinion “意见，看法，主张”。答案： B3(2011四川高考)Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of childrens_.Atouch BsightCreach Ddistance解析：考查名词词义辨析。out of ones reach表示“在某人够不着的地方”。句意：切记将诸如小刀之类的危险物品放在孩子们够不到的地方。out of touch “失去联系”；out of sight “看不见”；out of distance “离太远，达不到”。答案： C4(2011山东高考)Theres a _in our office that when its somebodys birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.Atradition BbalanceCconcern Drelationship解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们办公室有一个传统：有人过生日的时候，他们就会带来一个蛋糕与大家分享。tradition“惯例，传统”，符合句意。答案： A5(2012济南二模)China has got a good _ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.Areputation BinfluenceCimpression Dknowledge 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国在与流感作斗争中因细致与平稳的安排获得了好的名声。reputation“名誉，名声”，符合句意。influence“影响，作用”；impression“印象”；knowledge“知识”。答案： A1抽象名词具体化具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，具体指特定的某一件事时，这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。(1)difficulty 困难； a difficulty 一件难事(2)experience 经验；an experience 一次经历(3)failure 失败； a failure一位失败者，一件失败的事(4)knowledge 知识；a good knowledge 丰富的知识(5)success 成功；a success一位成功者，一件成功的事(6)surprise 惊奇； a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事(7)honour 荣誉； an honour 一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事Its a good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.(摘自2010福建高考)上海世博会给人们带来了快乐，欣赏世博会是一种美好的感受。His new book was a great success.他的新书获得巨大成功。2有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词物质名词可数名词物质名词可数名词drink 饮饮料two drinks两杯饮饮料sugar 糖a sugar一块块糖coffee 咖啡a coffee一杯咖啡paper 纸纸a paper一张报纸张报纸 ；一篇论论文tea 茶two teas两杯茶hair 头发头发a hair一根头发头发Would you like some coffee?你想喝点咖啡吗？I would like a coffee and two beers.我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。1(2012宝鸡市质量检测一)It is _ great honor for China to develop _ fastest computer in todays world.Aan; an Ban; theCa; the Da; a答案： C解析：考查冠词。句意：中国研发出如今世界上最快的电脑，这真是一件令人荣幸的事。此处honor为抽象名词具体化，要加不定冠词，又因为great是以辅音音素开头的单词，应该用a；第二空形容词最高级前要用定冠词。2(2012无锡市高三检测)The book has been considered as _ mustread for those who want to get _ success.Athe; a Ba; aCa; 不填 Dthe; 不填解析：考查冠词的用法。a mustread 泛指“必读物”；get success表示“取得成功”。故选C项。答案： C3(2012海南五校联考)As it turned out, _ 2010 World Expo in Shanghai was _ success.A不填； a Bthe; 不填Cthe; a Da; a答案： C解析：考查冠词。第一空处特指2010年上海世博会，应用定冠词the; 第二空后的success是抽象名词具体化，应用不定冠词a。故答案为C项。1不定冠词a(n)表示“某一个”，相当于some，意为“一个”。Could you tell me the way to the Johnsons, please?Sorry, we dont have a Johnson here in the village.请告诉我去约翰逊家怎么走？对不起，这个村庄里没有一个叫约翰逊的人。2不定冠词a(n)用于抽象名词前。Many people agree that a knowledge of English is a must on international trade today.许多人都持相同的看法，在当前国际贸易交往中，英语知识是必备的。3不定冠词a(n)用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐、季节、日期前。The walk is expected to last all day, so bring a packed lunch.这段路程预计要走一整天，所以带一份盒装午饭。Its a wise choice to use a four wheel drive on a snowy day.在下雪天使用四轮车是一个明智的选择。4“a(n)序数词”不表示排序，表“又一、再一”。Can you give me a second chance, please？(another chance)再给我一次机会好吗？5不定冠词a(n)用于most形容词之前无比较含义，表示程度，意为“很，非常”。Did you have a good time yesterday, Jane?Yes, as you know, the party went on in a most pleasant atmosphere.简，你昨天玩得好吗？是的，你知道，晚会一直在很愉快的气氛中进行。1(2011新课标全国卷)It is generally accepted that _ boy must learn to stand up and fight like _man. Aa; a Ba; the