CHAPTER 7Managing Changeand Innovation天马行空官方博客：http:/t.qq.com/tmxk_docin ；QQ:1318241189；QQ群：175569632*1天马行空官方博客： http:/t.qq.com/tmxk_docin ； QQ:1318241189；QQ群： 175569632Learning Objectives (1)n nDescribe what change variables are within a Describe what change variables are within a managers control.managers control.n nIdentify external and internal forces for Identify external and internal forces for change.change.n nExplain how managers can serve as change Explain how managers can serve as change agents.agents.n nContrast the “calm water” and “white-water Contrast the “calm water” and “white-water rapids” metaphors for change.rapids” metaphors for change.n nExplain why people are likely to resist changeExplain why people are likely to resist change. .天马行空官方博客：http:/t.qq.com/tmxk_docin ；QQ:1318241189；QQ群：175569632Date2天马行空官方博客： http:/t.qq.com/tmxk_docin ； QQ:1318241189；QQ群： 175569632Learning objective(2)n nDescribe techniques for reducing resistance to Describe techniques for reducing resistance to change.change.n nIdentify what is meant by the term organization Identify what is meant by the term organization development and specify four popular OD development and specify four popular OD techniques.techniques.n nExplain the causes and symptoms of stress.Explain the causes and symptoms of stress.n nDifferentiate between creativity and innovation.Differentiate between creativity and innovation.n nExplain how organizations can stimulate Explain how organizations can stimulate innovation.innovation.Date3天马行空官方博客： http:/t.qq.com/tmxk_docin ； QQ:1318241189；QQ群： 175569632Technology Technology Work ProcessWork Process Work methodWork method EquipmentEquipmentWhat Is Change?PeoplePeople AttitudesAttitudes ExpectationsExpectations PerceptionsPerceptions BehaviorBehaviorStructureStructure Authority relationshipsAuthority relationships Coordinating mechanismsCoordinating mechanisms Job redesignJob redesign Spans of controlSpans of controlDate4天马行空官方博客： http:/t.qq.com/tmxk_docin ； QQ:1318241189；QQ群： 175569632Forces for Change(1)n nExternal ForcesExternal Forcesn nMarketplace (ex:Dominos Marketplace (ex:Dominos VS. Pizza VS. Pizza Hut)Hut)n nGovernment laws Time-Consumption; has potential for a has potential for a poor solutionpoor solutionFacilitation no Expensive; no guarantee of successguarantee of successDate11天马行空官方博客： http:/t.qq.com/tmxk_docin ； QQ:1318241189；QQ群： 175569632Resistance Reduction (2)TechniqueTechniqueWhen UsedWhen UsedAdvantageAdvantageDisadvantageDisadvantageNegotiationNecessary when Necessary when resistance comes resistance comes from a powerful from a powerful groupgroupCan “buy” Can “buy” commitmentcommitmentPotentially high Potentially high cost; opens door for cost; opens door for others to apply others to apply pressure, toopressure, tooManipulation May be illegal; may undermine may undermine change agents change agents credibilitycredibilityDate12天马行空官方博客： http:/t.qq.com/tmxk_docin ； QQ:1318241189；QQ群： 175569632Organization Developmentn nAn active designed to facilitate An active designed to facilitate long-term organization-wide long-term organization-wide changes.changes.n nFocus on the attitudes & values of Focus on the attitudes & values of organizational members - more organizational members - more effective in achieving target.effective in achieving target.n nEssentially change an Essentially change an organizations culture.organizations culture. Date13天马行空官方博客： http:/t.qq.com/tmxk_docin ； QQ:1318241189；QQ群： 175569632OD TechniquesOD Tech. is any organizational activity OD Tech. is any organizational activity that assists with implementing planned that assists with implementing planned change.change.n nSurvey feedback attitude assessingSurvey feedback attitude assessingn nProcess consultation outside Process consultation outside consultantsconsultantsn nTeam building goal setting Team building goal setting role duty role dutyn nInter-group development - group Inter-group development - group cohesive cohesive Date14天马行空官方博客： http:/t.qq.com/tmxk_docin ； QQ:1318241189；QQ群： 175569632Stress (1)nAn individual is confronted with an opportunity, constraint, or demand related what desired.nOutcome is perceived to be both uncertain & important.nPositive Stress: situation offers an opportunity for one to gain something.nNegative stress: constraints or demands are placed on us.Date15天马行空官方博客： http:/t.qq.com/tmxk_docin ； QQ:1318241189；QQ群： 175569632Stress (2)Potential Stress Constraints and demandsConstraints and demandsOutcome Uncertainty & importantUncertainty & importantActual StressConstraints are barriers Constraints are barriers that keep us from doing that keep us from doing what we desired. what we desired.Remove these, remove stress!Date16天马行空官方博客： http:/t.qq.com/tmxk_docin ； QQ:1318241189；QQ群： 175569632StressorsPersonal Personality Type Family matters Financial problemOrganizational Role amb