MBA 联考阅读理解应试教程A Course of MBA Reading Comprehension第二章第二章 阅读技巧阅读技巧文章除了由词汇和语法规则构成外，还要考虑篇章的组织 结构、句与句、段与段的逻辑关系等。考生应该了解作者的写作思路，不必逐字逐句地进行研读 ，而可以根据文章的脉络，利用各种阅读方法和技巧，捕捉与 考题相关的信息。因此，了解篇章结构非常重要。第一节 把握篇章结构MBA联考阅读部分的体裁包括说明文、议论文、记叙文， 从历年联考试题所选择的篇章来看，主要以议论文和说明文为主 。议论文和说明文一般都是用一系列的推理或事实阐述或说 明一个中心议题，其结构一般为：提出论点论述/说明问题 得出结论。考生应有意识地培养把握篇章结构的能力，了解作者的推 理过程，提高答题的正确率和时间效率。议论文和说明文的写作方法主要是演绎法和归纳法。演绎法首先提出问题，然后用一系列的论据来论证或说 明这一问题，最后对问题得出结论。归纳法首先通过具体的陈述，层层推理，最后归纳总结 出主题。篇章结构的类型：TYPE I1）提出论点（主题句所在）2）论证论点（使用具体数据、实例，引用名人名言或格言谚语， 进行逻辑推理）3）得出结论例7The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years and therefore are subject to failure and, at worst, mental illness is unfounded. As a matter of fact, the outstanding thing that happens to bright kids is that they are very likely to grow into bright adults.To find this out, 1,500 gifted persons were followed up to their thirty-fifth years with these results:On adult intelligence tests, they scored as high as they had as children. They were, as a group, in good health, physically and mentally, 84 per cent of the group were married and seemed content with their lives.About 70 per cent had graduated from college, though only 30 per cent had graduated with honors. A few had even dropped out, but nearly half of these had returned to graduate.Of the men 80 per cent were in one of the professions or in business management or semiprofessional jobs. The women who had remained single had office, business, or professional occupations.The group had published 90 books and 1,500 articles in scientific, scholarly, and literary magazines and had collected more than 100 patents.In a material way they did not do badly either. Average income was considerably higher among the gifted people, especially the men, than for the country as a whole, despite their comparative youth.In fact, far from being strange, most of the gifted were turning their early promise into practical reality.1. The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years is _.A. true in all sensesB. refuted by the authorC. medically provenD. a belief of the author2.The survey of the bright children was made to _.A. find out what had happened to talented children when they became adults.B. prove that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early yearsC. discover the percentage of those mentally ill among the giftedD. prove that talented children never burn themselves out3. Intelligence tests showed that _.A. bright children were unlikely to be mentally healthyB. between childhood and adulthood there was a considerable loss of intelligenceC. talented children were most likely to become gifted adultsD. when talented children grew into adults, they made low scores.TYPE II1）提出论点（以否定口气）2）通过论据指出问题存在的地方及其存在的原因3）得出结论（对如何改进现状提出建议；指出正确的看法或认识 ；指出问题存在的根本原因；指出将来可能产生的后果等）该类型的文章多是批评性或指责性的。例8Personality is to a large extent inherent A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the “win at all costs” moral standard and measure their success by sporting（炫耀） achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: “Rejoice, we conquer!”By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A- youngsters change into Bs. the world needs A-types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a childs personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. Bs are important and should be encouraged. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that .A. the personality of a child is well established at birthB. family influence dominates the shaping of ones characteristicsC. the development