Chapter III Translation method Foreignization Domestication Combination of the twoComments on Assignment 4type of writing: exposition diction: common words and phrases referent：(see below)Modern roads today are built very like railways. They are wide and straight.原文这两个短句内容相关，共同描述公路与铁路的特性，翻 译时可合并成一个汉语句子。表达时可能有如下试验思路 ：今天的（如今的）现代公路建造得很像铁路。它们宽阔而笔 直。现代公路建造得很像铁路。它们宽阔笔直。现代公路建造得很像铁路，宽阔而笔直。现代公路建造得宽阔笔直，很像铁路。说高速公路像铁路，比较的不是真实情况，而是行 驶的感觉。因此将“很像铁路”放在后面逻辑上比较 合理。They have a separate way for traffic in each direction, and they have no cross- roads or traffic lights. 公路上各个方向都有单独的车道，既 没有交叉路口，也没有红绿灯。 评论：英文多用代词，而汉语使用代词较少， 翻译时往往使用名词替代原文的代词。这个句 子中的两个They在译文中使用一个“公路上”， 试验后感觉比较自然。Each half of the road is very wide and three cars can travel side by side in the same direction. 公路的每一半都十分宽阔，三辆汽车 可并排开往同一方向。 评论：英文的并列句之间往往使用联词、逗号或 分号，而汉语按照逻辑顺序排列即可，使用关联 词较少。另外，按照汉语的习惯，可将travel翻译 成“开往、驶往”等字眼。These roads are called motorways. Motorways never pass through a town. Cars join or leave the motorway by side roads. 这种公路称作高速公路。高速公路从不 穿越城镇。汽车由匝道驶入或驶出高速 公路。 评论：注意pass through的意义及逻辑，不要翻 译成“经过”，否则高速公路就没有意义了。Other roads may cross the motorway by a bridge or through a tunnel. 其他道路可通过桥梁或隧道与高速公 路交叉。 评论：道路交叉是一种状况，不要翻译成具有 动感的说法：“其他道路从桥上或隧道里穿越高 速公路。” 另外，注意原文冠词的泛指用法，不 要翻译成“一座桥”或“一条隧道。”No car is allowed to stop on a motorway. Every two kilometers there is a telephone. If a driver is in difficulty, he can use the telephone to call for help. About every thirty kilometers there are “service stations”. There a driver can stop and rest, and he and his passengers can have a meal. These service stations also supply petrol, water and oil.高速公路上禁止停车；每隔两公里装 有一部电话，司机一旦遇到困难，可打电话 求助；每三十公里有一个“服务区”，供司机 停车休息，与乘客一道进餐。这些服务站还 供应汽油、水和润滑油。 评论：这段原文是许多内容相关的短句，都 是介绍高速公路上的设施，参考译文使用 了一个含有许多分句的长句子，使内容连 贯。注意原文第一句带有强势口吻，译文 也要使用类似口吻：“高速公路上禁止停车 。”Motorways are very safe. Cars can travel on them at very high speed. 高速公路非常安全。汽车可以在上面高 速行驶。 归纳: 译文口吻要与原文相当。英语中，出于语法结构原因多用代词，汉 语则较少使用代词，往往使用代词所代表的名词。翻译校核阶段要从逻辑角度检查译文。可按照汉语习惯对原文句子作融合处理。现代公路建造得宽阔笔直，很像铁路。公路上 各个方向都有单独的车道，既没有交叉路口，也没 有红绿灯。公路的每一半都十分宽阔，三辆汽车可 并排开往同一方向。这种公路称作高速公路。高速 公路从不穿越城镇。汽车由匝道驶入或驶出高速公 路。 其他道路可通过桥梁或隧道与高速公路交叉。 高速公路上禁止停车；每隔两公里装有一部电话， 司机一旦遇到困难，可打电话求助；每三十公里有 一个“服务区”，供司机停车休息，与乘客一道进餐 。这些服务站还供应汽油、水和润滑油。 高速公路非常安全。汽车可以在上面高速行驶 。 Translation methodLiteral free translation Literal translation:1) Literal translation takes sentences as its basic units and the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translating. 2) Literal translation strives to reproduce both the ideological content and style of the entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech and such main sentence structures or patterns. Free translation: Free translation may be defined as a supplementary means to mainly convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech. (刘重德. 文学翻译十讲 中国对外翻译出版公司，2000.)ForeignizationdomesticationForeignization: A term used by Venuti (1995) to designate the type of translation in which a TT is produced which deliberately breaks target conventions by retaining something of the foreignness of the original. Venuti sees the origin of such a conception in Schleiermacher, who discusses the type of translation in which “the translator leaves the author in peace, as much as possible, and moves the reader towards him.” DomesticationA term used by Venuti (1995) to describe the translation strategy in which a transparent, fluent style is adopted in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for TL readers. Venuti traces the roots of the term back to Schleiermachers famous notion of the translation which “leaves the reader in peace, as much as possible and move the author towards him.” Part one: The significance of foreignization To understand foreign culture further To meet TL readers esthetic expectation To enrich Chinese expression Part one: The significance of foreignization To understand foreign culture further To meet TL readers esthetic expectation To enrich Chinese expression “翻译必须有异国情调 ，就是所谓洋气。” “不过它（翻译）原 是洋鬼子，当然谁也看 不惯，为比较的顺眼起 见，只能改换他的衣裳 ，却不该削低他的鼻子 ，剜掉他的眼睛。我是 不主张削鼻剜眼的。”-鲁迅 Unless youve an ace up your sleeve, we are dished.a. 除非你有锦囊妙计，否则我们是输定了。b. 除非你袖中藏有王牌，否则我们是输定了。Part one: The significance of foreignization To understand foreign culture further To meet TL readers esthetic expectation To enrich Chinese expression Wine was thicker than blood to the Mondavi brothers, who feuded bitterly over control of the family business, Charles Krug Winery.a.查尔斯库勒格酿酒厂使蒙特维兄弟忘了 手足情谊，他们为争夺这份家业而结怨成 仇。b.对于蒙特维兄弟来说，酒浓于血，他们为 了争夺查尔斯库勒格酿酒厂这份家业， 而斗得不可开交。Part one: The significance of foreignization To understand foreign culture further To meet TL readers esthetic expectation To enrich Chinese expression “蜜月” (honeymoon) “布丁”(pudding) “洒鳄鱼泪”(shed crocodiles tears) “武装到牙齿”(armed to teeth) “一石二鸟”(One stone killed two birds.) etc.Translation practice To spend mone