Operations Management 运营管理云南大学商旅学院 吴奇志1Please ContactCell Phone：0871-6770167Email ： victorwqzynu.edu.cnvictorwqzsina.com2AnnouncementAnnouncementPlease notify me in advance if you are absent or late, taking a French leave is not allowed.According to the rules made by MBA office, those who are absent one third or above from the total classes will be barred from the final exam, no matter what grade you get in the other 2!3If you have any comments, please feel free to let me know, either by email, phone call or face-to-face talk, Id prefer the latter for its high efficiency. Your suggestions are welcomed so I am open to them all the time. Besides, Id like you to treat me not only like a teacher, but a friend as well. Thanks for the POM course, for it serves as a bridge between us.4Performance AppraisalParticipation Deming 1950)Computer (Atanasoff 1938)CPM/PERT (DuPont 1957)49The Heritage of Operations Management - ContinuedMaterial requirements planning (Orlicky 1960)Computer aided design (CAD 1970)Flexible manufacturing system (FMS 1975)Baldrige Quality Awards (1980)Computer integrated manufacturing (1990)Globalization(1992)Internet (1995)50Eli Whitney Born 1765; died 1825 In 1798, received government contract to make 10,000 muskets Showed that machine tools could make standardized parts to exact specifications Musket parts could be used in any musket 1995 Corel Corp.51Frederick W. Taylor Born 1856; died 1915 Known as father of scientific management In 1881, as chief engineer for Midvale Steel, studied how tasks were done Began first motion Lillian (1878-1972) Husband-and-wife engineering team Further developed work measurement methods Applied efficiency methods to their home died 1947 In 1903, created Ford Motor Company In 1913, first used moving assembly line to make Model T Unfinished product moved by conveyor past work station Paid workers very well for 1911 ($5/day!) Model T produced in1908 with 514 min. $850 each by hand to 1.19 min. $290 each in 1926 by moving assembly line .Henry Ford Make them all alike! 1995 Corel Corp.Any color as long as its black55W. Edwards Deming Born 1900; died 1993 Engineer & physicist Credited with teaching Japan quality control methods in post-WW2 Used statistics to analyze process His methods involve workers in decisions56Contributions FromHuman factors Industrial engineering Management science Biological science Physical sciences Information science 57Significant Events in OMDivision of labor (Smith, 1776) Standardized parts (Whitney, 1800) Scientific management (Taylor, 1881) Coordinated assembly line (Ford 1913) Gantt charts (Gantt, 1916) Motion study (the Gilbreths, 1922) Quality control (Shewhart, 1924)58Significant Events - ContinuedCPM/PERT (Dupont, 1957) MRP (Orlicky, 1960) CAD Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) Manufacturing automation protocol (MAP) Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM)Unlike other fields of science, POM witnesses significant changes in every 10 years. 59Operations in the Service Sector60Service Economies Proportion of Employment in the Service Sector61Service Is a Major Job Service Is a Major Job Provider in The United State Provider in The United State 62Jobs in the U.S63Organizations in Each SectorService SectorExample% of all Jobs Professional services, education, legal, medicalNew York City PS108, Notre Dame University, San Diego Zoo24.3Trade (retail, wholesale)Walgreens, Wal-Mart, Nordstroms20.6Utilities, transportationPacific Gas & Electric, American Airlines, Santa Fe R.R, Roadway Express7.2(Operations Management by Jay Heizer, Barry Render, 7e) 64Organizations in Each SectorService SectorExample% of all Jobs Business & Repair ServicesSnelling & Snelling, Waste Management, Pitney-Bowes7.1Finance, Insurance, Real EstateCiticorp, American Express, Prudential, Aetna, Trammel Crow6.5Food, Lodging, EntertainmentMcDonalds, Hard Rock Caf, Motel 6, Hilton Hotels, Walt Disney Paramount Pictures5.2Public AdministrationU.S., State of Alabama, Cook County4.565Organizations in Each Sector Manufacturing SectorExample% of all Jobs GeneralGeneral Electric, Ford, U.S. Steel, Intel14.8ConstructionBechtel, McDermott7.0AgricultureKing Ranch2.4 MiningHomestake Mining0.466Organizations in Each Sector SummarySector% of all Jobs Service75.4%Manufacturing24.6%671850 75 1900 25 50 75 200040 50 60 701970 75 80 85 90 95 2000 PercentUnited StatesCanadaFranceItalyBritainJapanW Germany1970 2000ServicesIndustryFarming25020015010050080%706050403020100U.S. Employment, % ShareServices as a Percent of GDPU.S. Exports of Services In Billions of DollarsYear 2000 data is estimatedDevelopment of the Service Economy68Characteristics of Goods Tangible product Consistent product definition Production usually separate from consumption Can be inventoried Low customer interaction 1995 Corel Corp.69C