The Adverbial Clause of Time樊秀秀 Learning aims: (教学目标)（注：教学目标以“为什么学，学什么，如何学”的顺序呈现）Emotion and values:(情感态度价值观)（注：此处以高考中时间状语从句的考频为例让学生知道时间状语从句的重要性）名词性从句、状语从句以及定语从句这三大从句是高中最重要的语法点。对于从句的考察贯穿高考英语试卷的始终，从第一个单项听力，到最后的写作。三者重要性不分伯仲。但正如大家知道的， “三大”之一的状语从句，种类繁多。时间、地点、原因、结果、条件、让步、目的、比较、方式 9 种。这 9 种之中，对于高考来说，重要性的区别是很大的。考频为证，以 2006-2010 年5 年全国高考 18 个省市的 19 套卷子的单项选择题为例，涉及到状语从句的题目共有 93道，其中时间状语从句考到了 24 题。由此可见, 时间状语从句为重中之重。Knowledge and skills (知识与技能)1. 掌握并灵活应用 when, while, as 的基本用法及区别；2. 学习并掌握 when, while 的特殊用法；3. 掌握 since, before 主从句的时态;4. 区分 since, before 常用句型。Process and method(过程与方法 )1Students presentation （学生展示）(通过学生展示学习 when, while, as, since, before 这些连词的用法)2Discussion and the teachers explanation （讨论与教师讲解） (通过讨论和老师讲解学习难点 before 与 since 的句型)3Individual work, group work （个人及小组活动）（通过个人与小组活动解决练习题）Important and difficult points(重点及难点)1 When 与 while 的特殊用法。2 Before 与 since 的时态及常用句型。Teaching aids(教学手段)Multimedia（多媒体） chalk and blackboard(黑板) slide (幻灯片)Question presentation (问题呈现)1.When while as 的区别及 when, while 的特殊用法。( Group 1, 3, 8, 10 )2.since 的用法及重要句型。 ( Group 2, 8, 11 )3.before 的主从句时态及常用句型。( Group 5, 9, 10, 11 )评价问题：（8，10，11 组在问题的预习及总结上做的最好，点出 8 组合作意识很强，但重点不突出）Teaching procedures(教学过程)Step I Lead-in(导入)(呈现教学目标的形式导入)Step II Question presentation(问题呈现)Step III The problems(解决问题)1时间状语从句的连接词（叫大家抢答，看大家是否足够熟悉）when whenever as while before after until (till) since as soon asevery time next time the first/time the moment the minute instantly immediately directly(一就) No soonerthan Hardlywhen2Question 1（学生展示问题 1） when while as 的用法1) when 可表示一个时间点，也可表示一个时间段。如：When he came in, we were having supper.When we were having supper, the light suddenly went out.2) while 则只表示一个时间段。它所引导的时间状语从句中的时态常用进行时态。如： When/While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring.3) as 则强调主句和从句的动作在同一时间进行; 也可表示“随着” 。As we walked, we talked.As time went by, I began to get used to the school life.4）When 的特殊用法，表示“正在这时，突然”时用于下列句型：1. was doing somethingwhen 某人正在做 突然 2. was about to dowhen 某人正要做 突然 3. had just donewhen 某人刚刚做了某事突然5）while 的其他用法：while 作为并列连词，意为“而，却” ，表示对比。Eg. Some people waste food while others havent enough.while 也可用来引导让步状语，意为“尽管，虽然” ；可表示尽管，相当于although/though。Eg. While I admit that the problems are difficult, I dont agree that they cant be solved.小故事看区别 (主要考察 when, while, as 的基本用法的区别)_ I came to Xin Zhou No.1middle school, I was a top student. In the following days, I didnt get used to the “Three Steps” method quickly. So others studied _ I was lazy and didnt want to make efforts to study hard. As a result, I didnt do well in the exam. _ I heard the result, I felt upset. _ time went by, I realized that I must try my best _ others were studying hard.答案：when/as, while, when/as, as, when/while/as对比训练 (主要考察 when, while 的特殊用法)1. We were about to leave_ it began to rain.2. She thought I was talking about her son, _, in fact, I was talking about my son.3. _it is true that a students most important goal is to do well in his or her studies, it doesnt need to be the only goal.A. when B. while C. as D. during答案：A B B3. Question2 since（学生展示问题 2） (主要学习 since 主从句时态及句型)1. Great changes have taken place in your hometown since you left.（通过例句看时态：主句现在完成时，从句一般过去时）2Since 句型：It is/ has been + 一段时间since 从句(did)Eg. It is seven years since I joined the Party. 我入党 7 年了。4. Question3 before(学生展示问题 3)（主要学习 before 的主从句时态及 before 的常用句型）1before 所引导的时间状语从句所表示的动作发生在主句动作之后, 主句谓语要用过去完成时, before 引导的从句用一般过去时。Eg: She had studied/studied English for six years before she went to college.1） It will be段时间before “还要过多才” It will be two years before he leaves the country.2） It was +段时间+before 从句 （动作已发生）Eg. It was three weeks before he came back.3） It will not be + long+ before “不多久就会”Eg. It wont be long before she comes back4） It was not +long+ before “不多久就了”Eg. It wasnt long before he left the country.练习: 对比训练易混淆句型(易错点）(此处学生讨论总结出做这类题的关键突破点在哪)When/ before/ since 1. It was 5 am _we arrived at the village.2. It is 3 years _we last met.3. It was two weeks _we met again.答案： when, since, before突破点：一看 be 动词的时态，二看时间段还是时间点。错题汇集（以考代练/周报）(此处叫两个学生上黑板写出答案)1. I _ (enjoy) the fantastic scenery around _ something unpleasant caught my eyes.2. When he found there was still some time left before the train had arrived ( 改错 ).3. The city attracts people from all over the world and its ties (联系）with the world _ (increase) since Sydney Olympic Games.答案：1.was enjoying when 2.去掉 had 3.have(been)increasedStep IV Summary (小结) (此处回归知识与技能叫学生做个小结)Step V Homework(作业 )