Unit 1 International TradeShipping Business English 制作人：张欣oRequestnIn-Class Learning (课堂学习）nAfter-Class Review (课后复习）oThe Scores Composition: nAttendance Rate (出勤） 10%nQuestioning Performance （课堂表现） 5%nAssignment （作业） 15%nFinal Examination （期末考试） 70%Lesson 1 International TradeLesson 1 International TradeoThe Definition of International TradenInternational trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories, involving the use of different currencies.serviceo n. 服务,公务部门,服役 vt. 维护,保养 nlabor service company 劳动服务公司 = service company nWe get export earnings from goods and services. n我们用货物和劳务创收外汇borderon.边界; 国界; 边(沿) v.交界; 与接壤; 接近oThe terrorists escaped across/over the border. o恐怖分子越过边境逃走了.oHow many countries border Switzerland? o有多少国家与瑞士接壤?territoryon.领土; 版图; 领域; 范围 oOur representatives travel over a very large territory. o我们的推销员活动地区很广oOur country is vast in territory. o我国版图辽阔oHalf of the national territory. o半璧江山currencyon.通货; 货币 nforeign currency 外币ncurrency value 币值 ooInternational trade has been present throughout much International trade has been present throughout much of history. of history. o国际贸易的出现跨越了大半个历史。o货币增值; 通货升值ocurrency revaluation = currency appreciationo货币贬值; 通货贬值 ocurrency devaluation = currency depreciationThe Economic Importance of International TradeoIn most countries, it represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP)国内生产总值.n nThe total market value of all final The total market value of all final goods and services produced in a country goods and services produced in a country in a given year, equal to total consumer, in a given year, equal to total consumer, investment and government spending, investment and government spending, plus the value of exports, minus the plus the value of exports, minus the value of imports.value of imports.oi.e. GDP = Consumption + Gross Investment + Government Spending + (Exports Imports)Outsourcingo外包nOutsourcing is subcontracting a process, such as product design or manufacturing, to a third-party company. The social importance of The social importance of international tradeinternational tradeoIncreasing international trade is crucial to the continuance（延续、持续） of globalization.nSustainable Development 可持续性发展ooVitalize the nation by science and Vitalize the nation by science and technology and sustainable development technology and sustainable development 科教兴国和走可持续发展的道路科教兴国和走可持续发展的道路The political importance of The political importance of international tradeinternational tradeoInternational trade is a major source of economic revenue for any nation that is considered a world power（世界强国）.oExamples：n nChina is becoming a new China is becoming a new world power. world power. 中国正在成为新的世界强国中国正在成为新的世界强国Differences between D and IDifferences between D and ICostlyoThe reason is that a border typically imposeimposes （征收） additional costs such as tarifftariffs（关税）, .n nimposeimpose vtvt. (on). (on)强加于强加于; ; 征征( (税等税等collect taxes); collect taxes); oThe judge imposed a fine of ten dollars on him. 法官判他罚款10 美元。oThe government decided to impose a protective tariff on foreign cars. 政府决定对进口汽车征 收保护关税。n ntariff n.tariff n.关税关税; ; 关税表关税表; ;税率税率; (; (旅馆旅馆; ; 饭店等饭店等) )价目表价目表; ; 收费表收费表 oSuch goods are typically granted unrestricted tariff-free access. 对这些商品一般给予不受 限制的免征关税的待遇。Differences between D and IDifferences between D and IooFactors of productionFactors of production生产要素生产要素nFactors of production (or productive inputs) are the resources employed to produce goods and services. nThey are generally land, labor, capital, information，technology the five groups of resources that are used to make all goods and services. Differences between D and IDifferences between D and IooInstead of importing the factor of Instead of importing the factor of production a country can import production a country can import goods that make intensive use of goods that make intensive use of the factor of production and are the factor of production and are thus embodying the respective thus embodying the respective factor.factor.o一个国家可以通过进口那些密集地使用 生产要素所生产出来的并且能体现各种 要素的商品来替代进口生产要素。oexampleRisks in International Traden nEconomic Risks in International Economic Risks in International TradeTradeoEconomic risks include the risk of insolvency（破产） of the buyer; the risk of the failure of the buyer to pay the amount due within six months after the due date（到期日）; the risk of non- acceptable（拒付，拒绝承兑）; the risk of exchange rate（外汇率）, etc.insolvencyinsolvencyoo破产破产; ; 无力偿付无力偿付; ; 资不抵债资不抵债 n nThe XHYT Group The XHYT Group buckled underbuckled under( (让步让步, ,屈服屈服, ,投降投降)$80 billion worth of debt to )$80 billion worth of debt to become the largest case of corporate become the largest case of corporate insolvency in history. insolvency in history. n nXHYTXHYT