Lecture 22 英美概况The American Civil WarCivil WarTime: 1861-1865 Participants: the South (Democratic) and the North(Republican)Cause: Abraham Lincoln was elected as president The Preface: Lincoln was elected as President-1860South Carolina voted to leave the Union-the signal of the warThe eleven southern states form an independent nationthe Confederate States of America (beginning)The Civil War: Union vs ConfederacyThe process of the Civil WarooThe first stageThe first stage(186i-1862)(186i-1862)n nFailure after failure came to Failure after failure came to the the North.(see the contrast) North.(see the contrast)ooThe second stageThe second stage： （18621862，9186591865，4 4）n nThe Emancipation Proclamation- The Emancipation Proclamation- - - 1863,1,1 1863,1,1n nHomestead Bill1862,5 Homestead Bill1862,5n nBattle of Gettysburg- Battle of Gettysburg- 1863,7.1, 1863,7.1, turning point turning pointooThe third stage: the victory.The third stage: the victory.1865,4,2 Richmond was 1865,4,2 Richmond was abandon. abandon.The NorthThe SouthPopula tion2234万910万Industr yDeveloped Fewrailroa dsmany Nearly zeroMilitar yNot well equippedFully armedSpecial figures in the waroLincoln(1809-1865)nthe 16th president of America.nSailor, worker, postman,salesmannHonest AbenWide interests, reading books like Bible, works of ShakespearenAssassinated in 1865,4,14Robert Lee（1807-70）罗伯特 李将军 (10-3-3)oAmerican commander in chief of the Confederate army in the American Civil War. His military genius won him the admiration both South and North. Ulysses Simpson Grant (1822-85)格兰特 （10-3-4） oA commander-in -chief of the Union army in the Civil War. He was 18th president of U.S.(1869-77). His administration was marked by partisan politics and corruption.Special Figures in the War oHarrie Beecher Stowe(1861-1896) 哈里特斯托n American female writernmain works: Uncle Toms Cabin n n林肯说过，一个小夫人和林肯说过，一个小夫人和 一本书引起了一场战争（一本书引起了一场战争（ 美国内战美国内战) )黑人奴隶的悲惨处境 (10-2-3)Underground Railroad 地下铁道special battle in the waroBattle of Gettysburgnturning point of the warnlasting for three daysGettysburg Addressothat from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion - - that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain - that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom - and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. oQuestions:oWhat issues did the War resolve?oWhat was the nature of the Civil War?oWhat was the significance and effects of the War?oThe nature of the Civil War:bourgeois revolutiona continuation and expansion of the War of Independence struggle of life and death (two social system, progressive and backward)Influence of the waroTwo achievements:nrealize the unification of the American nationnEnd the slavery systemWestern MovementTime : the years following the end of the civil war in 1965 People: miners Purpose: seek for gold and silver Place:Rocky mountain region Famous figures: hired horsemen- cowboys Results: Indians are withdrew and buffalo were destroyed o Rapid Growth of Capitalism after the Civil WaroWhat were the factors of rapid growth of Capitalism after the Civil War? o a stable political environment o blacks slaves were freeo the role of science and inventiono high taxes on foreign importso the rich of natural resources