1Expressions about “Natural Disasters”calamity: an event causing great and often sudden damage or distress; a disaster tropical storm tsunami hurricane typhoon cyclone/ tornado flood volcano explosion/eruption wildfire/forest fire/bushfire rockslide/ landslide rock and mud slides snowstorm severe cold heat wave drought avalanche snow slide tsunami warning system tidal wavesearthquake (quake shake shock tremor temblor)aftershock smaller tremors epicenter 震中 quake-hit area/ quake-stricken area 地震灾区 the worst-hit area 重灾区seismic 地震的 seismic investigation magnitude 震级 Richter Scale(1-10) 里氏震级at a scale of 7.8 on the Richter calculations 里氏 7.8 级地震secondary geological disaster 次生地质灾害 quake lake，barrier lake，dammed lake 堰塞湖rubble 碎石 ruin 废墟 ramshackle city 摇摇欲坠的城市 wreckage 残骸 death toll 死亡人数 survivors 幸存者 victims 受灾者 international contributions 国际援助search-and-rescue 搜救 rescue team 救援小组 search-and-rescue team 搜救组evacuation 撤离 humanitarian relief 人道主义援助 damage assessment 灾情估计 rescue and medical equipment 救灾和医疗设备 emergency personnel 紧急救援人员 emergency worker 急救人员unified disaster coordinator 救灾行动总指挥 rescue and recovery effort 救灾和灾后重建 international effort 国际合作行动 the international Red Cross 国际红十字会 makeshift holding areas 临时避难所 sniffer dogs 搜救犬 overseas mission 海外救援 coordinated action 协同行动 high-energy biscuits 高能量饼干 compressed biscuits 压缩饼干 makeshift hospital 临时医院 first aid: help given to a sick or injured person until full medical treatment is availabletransfusion: 输血，输液ambulance: a vehicle specially equipped for taking sick or injured people to and from hospital, especially in emergenciesstretcher: a framework of two poles with a long piece of canvas slung between them, used for carrying sick, injured, or dead peopleaftermath: the consequences or after-effects of an event, especially when unpleasant Food prices soared in the aftermath of the drought.shatter: break or cause to break suddenly and violently into pieces devastate: destroy or ruin (something)level: demolish (a building or town) 夷平，摧毁 flatten: raze (a building or settlement) to the ground 把（楼房，居住区）夷为平地In Hanwang, the towns mostly older buildings were flattened or severely damaged by the quake. lethal: sufficient to cause death; harmful or destructive2casualty: a person killed or injured in a war or accidentnecrology: a list of deathsremains: a persons body after deathwreckage: the remains of something that has been badly damaged or destroyedmourn: feel or show deep sorrow or regret for (someone or their death), typically by following conventions such as the wearing of black clothescondolence: (condolences)an expression of sympathy, especially on the occasion of the death of a persons relative or close friendcondolence books 吊唁簿Flags are to be kept at half-mast. 降半旗Reading:Avalanche kills 6 climbersSix mountain climbers were killed in an avalanche near the major ski resort of Soelden in the Austrian Alps over the weekend, regional police said yesterday.Witnesses spotted the snow slide in rugged highlands on Saturday and alerted alpine rescuers but they could not reach the scene until yesterday due to poor weather, police in the Tirol provincial capital of Innsbruck said.A police official said rescuers retrieved the bodies of 6 climbers who had been ascending the 3,500-meter Schalfkogel peak in an isolated region southwest of Innsbruck.Listening & Discussion:1. A Race Against Time to Get Help to HaitiansNew Words: Port-au-Prince：the capital of Haiti, a port on the west coast. Founded by the French in 1749, it became capital of the new republic in 1806 太子港the Bill and Melinda Gates FoundationQuestions: 1. What factors slowed aid efforts?2. What would America do according to the news?3. Information about the county Haiti.4. What did the UN do?5. Information about USAID.2. Italy Continues Quake Rescue EffortBroadcast date: 4-9-2009Background Information: Rescuers in central Italy continue to search for possible survivors in the rubble of Mondays earthquake as funerals begin for the victims of the disaster. So far, the death toll is 279, which includes at least 20 children. Local and government authorities have introduced anti-looting patrols in the quake-stricken area to protect the belongings of displaced residents.New Words: rubble: waste or rough fragments of stone, brick, concrete, etc., especially as the debris from the 3demolition of buildingsanti-looting:loot: steal goods from (a place), typically during a war or riotdisplace: (be displaced)force (someone) to leave their home, typically because of war, persecution, or natural disaster. Thousands of people have been displaced by the civil war.Abruzzo:devastate: destroy or ruin (something)sniffer dog: a dog trained to find drugs or explosives by smellreceptor: (Physiology)an organ or cell able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimulus and transmit a signal to a sen