Dear Bo$,In thi$ life, we all need $ome thing mo$t de$perately. I think you $hould be under$tanding of the need$ of u$ . worker$ who have given $o much $upport including $weat and $ervice to your company. I am $ure you will gue$ what I mean and re$pond $oon. Your$ $incerely, Marian $hih Dear Marian,I kNOw you have been working very hard. NOwadays, NOthing much has changed. You must have NOticed that our company is NOt doing NOticeably well as yet. NOw the newspaper are saying the worlds leading ecoNOmists are NOt sure if the United States may go into aNOther recession. After the NOvember presidential elections things may turn bad. I have NOthing more to add NOw. You kNOw what I mean. Yours truly, Manager 文本类型及汉英翻译（一）Reiss 的文本类型分析 翻译研究者开始时并没有注意文本类型的分析，而是把自己在 某一方面研究所得出的结论推广到其他的文本翻译中去，并把 它说成是唯一的、通用的翻译标准。 Kathatine Reiss 文本的分类 重内容 content-focused (informative) 重形式form-focused (expressive) 重呼吁appeal-focused (operative) 虽然语言的陈述、表达、呼吁功能在任何一种文本里都会同时 出现，但文本必须是以其中一种（内容、形式或呼吁）为主要 表达形式，所以翻译时必须抓主要的表现形式，而翻译批评家 则注重分析翻译者是否把原文的主要表现形式保留下了。 听觉媒介 （audiomedia）Text Type and Text Varietiestranslation method of text typesNewmark模式简介 A B C Expressive Informative Vocative 典型范例 文学/权威 科技 广告宣传类 文体风格 文如其人 文中无人 意在文外 译文偏重 原语 目的语 目的语 着重对象 原作者 客观现实 读者 翻译方法 较重文字 强调语义 灵活对等 翻译单位 较小 一般（句） 较大产品说明书 主要成分：principle/main ingredient 性状、特征：description 药理学：pharmacology 有效成分：active principle 作用、主治：uses; direction for use 适用症：indication 警告：warnings 用法：usage 禁忌：contraindication, restrictions on use. 副作用、不良反应：side effect, undesirable reaction, adverse events 规格、包装：supply, how supplied, packs, packing, package 保存期：shelf life http:/www1.360quan.com/blog/show/455112新闻报道 会话式英语 （Conversational Enlish） 使听众对新闻报道感到亲切自然 以提供事实和信息为主 译者应该客观、冷静，准确使用新闻词语。不用较复杂的 句子。普通名词最好意译，专有名词最好做解释，以便于 读者理解。 试译： 最近我市又发现一座汉代古墓。 这座古墓位于我市西北郊，是当地一位农民发现的。 据专家们考证，这是西汉中晚期的墓葬，距今已有两千年 左右的历史。新闻报道最近我市又发现一座汉代古墓。这座古墓位于我市西北郊，是当地一位农民发现的。据 专家们考证，这是西汉中晚期的墓葬，距今已有两千年左 右的历史。广告词Attention-Interest-Demand-Memory-Action 汉语广告 英文广告广告词 读者为中心。加强情感交流和亲切感。1. 我部以良好的信誉、雄厚的资金实力和一流的服务质量，竭诚 为广大客户提供全面的优质服务。 The Department is ready to provide the customers with all- around perfect service on the basis of good credit, financial strength and quality service. Our department offers you all-around services with good credit, financial strenth and best quality.广告翻译与情感传递 2. 宾至如归，热诚服务天津市旅游公司 Offering a home for the wanderer, a heaven for the connoisseur Tianjing General Tourist Corperation. A home from home with our cordial service. 3. 接天下客，送万里情天津出租汽车公司 Ready to meet guest all over the world, ready to speed them on their way Tianjin Taxi Co. Give you a pleasant ride all the way Tianji Taxi Co. 4. 世界首创，中国一绝。天然椰子汁。 The pioneer of the world. The most delicious in China. Natural Coconut Juice. Natural Coco Juice: a world special with an enjoyment beyond all your words演讲 全国同胞们，同志们，朋友们： Fellow countrymen, comrades and friends, 今天，我们隆重集会，庆祝中华人民共和国成立60 周年。在这个喜庆而又庄严的时刻，全国各族人民都为 伟大祖国的发展进步感到无比自豪，都对实现 中华民族 伟大复兴的光明前景充满信心。 Today, we hold a grand celebration to mark the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Peoples Republic of China. At this cheerful and solemn moment, people from all over the countrys ethnic groups are extremely proud of our great nations development and progress and are confident of the Chinese nations bright prospect on the road to revival. 在这里，我代表党中央、全国人大、国务院、全国政协和 中央军委，向一切为民族独立和人民解放、国家富强和人 民幸福建立了不朽功勋的革命先辈和烈士们，表示深切的 怀念！向全国各族人民和海内外爱国同胞，致以热烈的祝 贺！向关心和支持中国发展的各国朋友，表示衷心的感谢 ！ On behalf of the CPC Central Committee, the National Peoples Congress, the State Council, the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference and the Central Military Commission, I hereby pay tribute to all the revolutionary pioneers of older generations and martyrs who made great contributions to realizing national independence and liberation of the people, the countrys prosperity and strength and happy life of the people. I send warm congratulations to people from all ethnic groups in the country and patriotic compatriots from home and abroad, and express heartfelt thanks to the friends from other countries who care about and support Chinas development.商务信函套语政论文 政论文的主要特点是逻辑性强、条理分明、说理透彻。 为了将作者的观点和抽象的概念阐述的鲜明、生动，以取 得宣传鼓动的最佳效应，作者经常运用各种修辞手段如排 比、对偶、夸张、引用、设问等。用词生动活泼、句型也 较现代化。 保持原作词语的感情色彩，修辞效果和语言特色，如实表 达政治观点。遣词造句要恰如其分。the Scientific Outlook on Development科学发展观 agriculture, rural areas and farmers“三农” highly pathogenic avian influenza高致病性禽流感 the Outline of the National Program for Long- and Medium- Term Scientific and technological Development国家中长期科学 和技术发 展 规划纲要 the Qinghai-Tibet Railway青藏铁路 the Three Gorges Project三峡工程 the Outline of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development“十一五”规划纲 要 a master strategy f