Chapter 1 HistoryPart One History of Britain Introduction to British and American CultureLearning Focus Roman Invasion King Arthur Norman Conquest The Hundred Years War Charles I and the Civil War Introduction to British and American CultureWarm-upThink about the following questions. 1. Where did the British people come from? _ 2. Do you know any famous historical places or people in Britain? _ 3. Who are the most famous kings or queens in Britains history?_ Introduction to British and American CultureCeltic people, from central Europe.Stonehenge, Hadrian Wall, Robin HoodHenry VIII, Elizabeth I, Queen VictoriaThe Beginning of Britain The Early settlers (-55B.C.) Roman Britain (55B.C.-410A.D.) Anglo-Saxon Britain (410- 871) Viking Britain (871-1042) Norman Conquest (1066) Introduction to British and American CultureThe Early Settlers (-55 B.C.)n 8,000 years agoqGreat Britain became an islandnNatives of Britainqtall and golden-haired Celtsqfrom Central Europe qfarmersqwarlike peopleIntroduction to British and American CultureThe Celtic CivilizationnStonehengenAbout 5,000 years agonThe most famous prehistoric monument and tourist attractionIntroduction to British and American CultureRoman Britain (55 B.C.- 410)Introduction to British and American CultureAll roads lead to Rome.Roman InvasionInvasionTimeInvaders155 and 54 B.CRoman Emperor Julius Caesar243 A.D. Roman Emperor ClaudiusIntroduction to British and American CultureRoman Civilization The month “July” is named after JuliusCaesar himself. Extraordinary achievement in building roads “All Roads Lead to Rome” Hadrians Wall Englands great wall 2000 years ago Introduction to British and American CultureAnglo-Saxon Britain (410-871)nThe Angle, Saxon, and Jute tribes invadedn5th and 6th centuriesnThe Anglo-Saxons left their home in northern Germany and Denmark.Introduction to British and American CultureKing ArthurnThe best-known English legend nThe 5th centurynStory qKing Arthur united the BritishqHis famous “round table“ knightsqDrove the Saxons back with his magical sword nA hero of British?nAgainst the forefathers of the English?Introduction to British and American Culture(871-1042) Invasion time In the late 8th century From Denmark Norsemen, “people from the North” From 1017 to 1041 England was ruled by Danish kings. Introduction to British and American CultureWestminster Abbey nIn 1042nBy Edward, King of England, a faithful ChristiannOne of the oldest buildings in LondonnA living monument to British historynAlmost all English kings have been crowned there.Introduction to British and American CultureNorman ConquestnSignificance qThe best-known event in English historynWhoqDuke William of Normandy, from northern FranceqWilliam is often referred to as William the Conqueror.nTime qOn October 14, 1066nEventqWilliam and his army defeated the English army. qThis invasion is called Norman Conquest.Introduction to British and American CultureInfluence of Norman ConquestnLanguage qFrench replaced English as the language of the ruling classes.nThe period of Middle English began soon after 1066. n ArchitectureqThe Tower of LondonqThe most famous castlesIntroduction to British and American CultureThe most famous castleThe Tower of LondonIntroduction to British and American CultureRobin HoodnEnglands best-loved legend nHeroic Saxon noblemen oppressed by the Normans n“Merry men” robbed from the rich to give to the poor. British Invasion HistoryIntroduction to British and American CultureInvasion TimeInvaders43 A.D.The Angles and Saxons8th centuryThe NormansThe Romans5th centuryThe Viking1066Feudal Britain nNorman ConquestqMarked the establishment of feudalism in EnglandnSeveral events shook the foundation of the feudal society.qThe Hundred Years WarqThe Wars of the RosesIntroduction to British and American CultureThe Hundred Years WarThe Hundred Years WarTime: 1337-1453Introduction to British and American Culture Event A series of wars between England and France Unexpected benefits The ruling Normans began to regard England as their home. English was reestablished as the official language. Joan of ArclA famous peasant girllUnder Joan of Arc, French won a number of victories. lRegarded as a national French heroine.Introduction to British and American CultureThe Wars of the Roses Event - A series of civil wars between supporters of Lancaster and York. The badges a red rose Vs. a white one Reason In 1455 the Duke of York tried to displace the Lancaster king, Henry VI. Result In 1485, Henry Tudor, as Henry VII, founded the Tudor Monarchy. Introduction to British and American CultureThe Beginning of the Modern World From the 16th to the 20th century Ruling HousesRuling PeriodHouse of Tudor1485-1603House of Stuart1603-1649House of Stuart (restored)16