2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reservedThe Reproductive SystemThe Reproductive SystemPowerPoint presentation to accompany: Medical Assisting Third EditionBooth, Whicker, Wyman, Pugh, Thompson 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reservedLearning Outcomes31.1List the organs of the male reproductive system and give the locations, structures, and functions of each.31.2Describe how sperm cells are formed.31.3Describe the substances found in semen.31.4Describes the process of erection and ejaculation.2 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reservedLearning Outcomes (cont.)31.5List the actions of testosterone. 31.6Describe the causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment of various disorders of the male reproductive system.31.7List the organs of the female reproductive system and give the locations, structures, and functions of each.31.8Explain how ova develop.3 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reservedLearning Outcomes (cont.)31.9List the actions of estrogen and progesterone.31.10Explain how and when ovulation occurs. 31.11Describe what happens to an ovum after ovulation occurs.31.12List the purpose and events of the menstrual cycle.31.13Define menopause and explain what causes it.4 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reservedLearning Outcomes (cont.)31.14Describe the causes, signs and symptoms, and treatments of various disorders of the female reproductive system.31.15Explain how and where fertilization occurs.31.16Describe the process of implantation.31.17Explain the difference between an embryo and a fetus.5 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reservedLearning Outcomes (cont.)31.18Describe the changes that occur in a woman during pregnancy.31.19List several birth control methods and explain why they are effective.31.20List the causes of and treatments for infertility.31.21Describe the causes, signs and symptoms, and treatments of the most common sexually transmitted diseases.6 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reservedIntroduction oMale and female reproductive systems nFunction together to produce offspring nFemale reproductive system nurtures developing offspring nProduce important hormones 7 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reservedMale Reproductive System oTestesnPrimary organsoD evelop in the abdominal pelvic cavity of fetusoD escend into scrotal sac shortly before or after birthnProduce the male sex cells (sperm) nProduce the male hormone testosteroneoScrotum sac that holds the testesoSeminiferous tubulesnOn top of testesnFilled with spermatogenic cells that produce sperm cellsoInterstitial cells produce testosteroneMale System8 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reservedMale Reproductive SystemBackName the structures that are unique to the male reproductive system.9 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reservedMale Reproductive System (cont.)Spermatogonia (46 chromosomes)Mitosis makes primary spermatocytesUndergo meiosis two secondary spermatocytes Divides two spermatids = 4 spermatidsDevelop flagella to become mature sperm cells with 23 chromosomesSpermatogenesisSpermatogenesis10 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reservedMale Reproductive System (cont.)oSperm cellsnHeadoN ucleus with 23 chromosomesoA crosome enzyme-filled sac nH elps sperm penetrate ovumnMidpieceoM itochrondria that generate cells energynTailoFl agellum that propels sperm forward11 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reservedBackBack12 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reservedMale Reproductive System: Internal Accessory Organs oEpididymis nSits on top of each testisnReceives spermatids from seminiferous tubulesnSpermatids become sperm cellsoVas deferensnTube connected to epididymisnCarries sperm cells to urethraoSeminal vesiclenSecreteoFl uid rich in sugar used to make energyoPr ostaglandins stimulate muscular contractions in female to propel sperm forwardnSeminal fluid oR eleased into vas deferens just before ejaculationo60 % of semen volumeMale System13 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reservedoProstate gland nSurrounds urethranProduces and secretes a milky, alkaline fluid into urethra just before ejaculationnFluid protects sperm in the acidic environment of the vaginan40% of semenoBulbourethral (Cowpers) glandsnProduce a mucus-like fluidoSe creted just before ejaculationoL ubricates end of penisoSemennAlkaline mixtureoN utrientsoPr ostoglandinsn1.5 to 5.0 ml per ejaculatenSperm count of 40 to 250 million / mlMale SystemInternal Accessory OrgansMale Reproductive System: Internal Accessory Organs (cont.) 14 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reservedoScrotumnHolds testes away from bodynTemperature 1 below body temperaturenLined with serous membrane that secrets fluidoT estes move freelyoPenisnShaft oEr ectile tissues