Globalization I-3: Hybridity and Reflexive PostmodernismWhat have we learned so far?Travels in Time and Space/Escape (Illusion of Realism) - Somewhere in Time Authority (Self-Justification) in story-telling- “Rip Van Winkle” the Sherlock Holmes “Charles Augustus Milverton” story Authority deferred to a loafer - “The Man Who Would be King” History and Labyrinth (Spatialized History) - “The Garden of the Forking Paths“ National Trauma/event or colonial history re-visioned and told “indirectly” (from the margins) Atonement , The Piano太平天國 Historicity gained thru juxtaposition of the past and the present - The Stunt Man, Obasan Nostalgia films (thru stereotypes and media simulation): - In Country, Forrest Gump Themes: History and narrationWhat have we learned so far?(Foucault) History as discursive constructions. (New Historicism/Cultural Materialism) Re-definition of text and context. textuality or con-texts.(Postcolonialism) : Orientalism, re-visioning the colonial past, cultural translation silence, mimicry and hybridity (Postmodernism): reality as fiction; exposing fictional boundaries, crossing the other boundaries. pastiche; flattened subjectivity or aesthetic/cognitive reflexivity Critical MovementsWhat have we learned so far?Colonialism post-colonialisms (socially specific)Nation-States neo-colonialism and/or globalizationOrganized Capitalism disorganized capitalism; overall commodificationModernity Postmodernity and economic/media globalizationHigh Modernism collage, hybridization and global cultures. Global movements increasing diversification or fragmentation Some Questions . . . nIs contemporary globalization a form of cultural imperialism or standardization? nIs it ok to develop ones style(s) with the signs from global culture? (Say, wearing bell-bottoms 喇叭 褲 without being a hippie, dancing hip-hop without knowing Afro- American culture.) nWhat do you think about the following example? (You can change the TV program into one on Taiwan made by a Dutch or British company.)There was this Englishman. . .nwho worked in the London office of a multinational corporation based in the United States. He drove home one evening in his Japanese car. His wife, who worked in a firm which imported German kitchen equipment, was already at home. Her small Italian car was often quicker through the traffic. After a meal which included New Zealand lamb, Californian carrots, Mexican honey, French cheese and Spanish wine, they settled down to watch a programme on their television set, which had been made in Finland. The programme was a retrospective celebration of the war to recapture the Falkland Islands. As they watched it, they felt warmly patriotic, and very proud to be British. Is he British or globalized? Is it ok to feel patriotic still? (Williams, R. (1983). The Year 2000 (p. 117). New York: Phantheon. Originally published as Towards 2000, London: Chatto not our focus)nFor Next Week . . . nReference Four Views on Globalization: 1. Clash of Civilizations n(textbook chap 10: 44)nSamuel Huntington: the West vs. non- Western fault lines/gaps in betweenn“The fault lines include Islams borders in Europe (as in former Yugoslavia), Africa (animist or Christian cultures to the south and west), and Asia (India, China)” (45). nrecommends greater cooperation and unity in the West, between Europe and North AmericaFour Views on Globalization: 1. Clash of Civilizations (2)nAnother perspective (in brief; source 1 2)nBenjamin R. Barber - Jihad vs McWorld: How Globalism and Tribalism Are Reshaping the World (note: Jihad ”struggle” holy war or trivallism) nNeither of the two supports democracynMcWorld threatens Jihad and leads to the latters violent reactionsnBarber supports local democracy. Four Views on Globalization: 2. Standardization and homogenization 1.(chap 10: 51-)2.An extension of rationalization and standardization of labor production of the modern world + commodification (or Calculability, Control, Predictability, FAMILIARITY) 3.“McDonalds formula is successful because it is efficient (rapid service), calculable (fast and inexpensive), predictable (no surprises), and controls labor and customers.” McDonaldization of Society: (the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as of the rest of the world. )Four Views on Globalization: 2. Standardization and homogenization (chap 10: 51-)1.E.g. (54) McJobs, McInformation, McCitizens, McUniversity, McTourism, McCulture, McPrisons, McCourts (Gottdiener 2000, Ritzer 2002, Stojkovic et al. 1999). Also, 7-11, Starbucks, 2.= Americanization 3. localization of MacDonalds 52 = glocalization In Russian, in Taiwan Do you agree? homogenization superficial or in-depth nCultural assimilation of the signs and languages but not of the grammarsnSkin-deep assimilatio