Unit 7Unit 7RepetitionRepetition重复法重复法Pre-Class QuestionsPre-Class Questions1. 1. Generally Generally speaking, speaking, is is repetition repetition of of words words in in English English acceptable? acceptable? Under Under what what circumstance circumstance is is it acceptable?it acceptable? 2. 2. What What is is different different between between English English and and Chinese Chinese in in terms terms of of repetition? repetition? Can Can you you give give some examples?some examples? 3. 3. What What methods methods can can be be adopted adopted to to avoid avoid repetition in English?repetition in English?Compare Chinese with English:Compare Chinese with English:1. 1. 我们的我们的民族民族再也不是一个被人侮辱的再也不是一个被人侮辱的民族民族了。了。 OursOurs is is no no longer longer a a nation nation subject subject to to insult insult and humiliation. and humiliation. (nominal substitution)(nominal substitution) 2. 2. 我们必须决定什么东西是应当我们必须决定什么东西是应当称赞或歌颂称赞或歌颂的，的， 什么东西是不应当什么东西是不应当称赞或歌颂称赞或歌颂的，什么东西是必须的，什么东西是必须 反对的。反对的。 We We should should decide decide what what to to commend commend and and praise, praise, what what not not toto and and what what to to oppose. oppose. (verbal (verbal omission)omission)3. 3. 另外一种另外一种方法方法是化学是化学方法方法。 Another Another methodmethod is is the the chemical chemical processprocess. . /Another /Another approachapproach is is the the chemical chemical methodmethod. . (variation)(variation)4. 4. 你没有搞好，我是不满意的，你没有搞好，我是不满意的，得罪得罪了你就了你就得罪得罪 了你。了你。 You You have have done done a a poor poor job job and and I I am am not not satisfied, satisfied, and and if if you you feel feel offended, offended, so so be be itit. . (clausal substitution)(clausal substitution)寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄 凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时 候，最难将息。候，最难将息。 【许渊冲译本许渊冲译本】 I look for what I miss;I look for what I miss; I know not what it is.I know not what it is. I feel so sad, so drear,I feel so sad, so drear, So So lonely, lonely, without without cheer.cheer. How hard is it How hard is it To keep me fit To keep me fit In this lingering cold! In this lingering cold! 【林语堂译本林语堂译本】 So dim, so dark, So dim, so dark, So dense, so dull, So dense, so dull, So damp, so dank, So damp, so dank, So dead! So dead! The weather, now warm, now cold, The weather, now warm, now cold, Makes it harderMakes it harder Than ever to forget! Than ever to forget! 【杨宪益夫妇译本杨宪益夫妇译本】 Seeking, seeking, Seeking, seeking, Chilly and quiet, Chilly and quiet, Desolate, painful and miserable. Desolate, painful and miserable. Even Even when when its its warmer warmer there there is is still still a chill a chill It is most difficult to keep well. It is most difficult to keep well. 7.1 Grammatical Repetition7.1 Grammatical RepetitionClarity Clarity is is more more important important than than conciseness. conciseness. By By means means of of repetition repetition we we can can make make our our version version clear. clear. Repetition Repetition often often results results from from differences differences in in grammar grammar and and usage usage between between the the two two languages. languages. What What is is usually usually omitted omitted or or substituted substituted in in English English may may often often be be repeated repeated in in Chinese.Chinese.7.1.1 Repetition of the Modified or Modifier7.1.1 Repetition of the Modified or Modifier1. 1. We We are are the the witnesseswitnesses of of the the scrupulous scrupulous respect respect of of the the Government Government of of China China for for the the principles principles of of non-intervention non-intervention in in the the affairs affairs of of other other states states and and of of its its unwavering unwavering supporting supporting of of the the rights rights of of peoples peoples to to independence independence and and self- self- determination.determination.我们我们亲眼看到亲眼看到中国政府十分尊重不干涉其它国家内中国政府十分尊重不干涉其它国家内 政的原则，政的原则，亲眼看到亲眼看到它坚定不移地支持各国人民独立它坚定不移地支持各国人民独立 和自决的权利。和自决的权利。2. 2. We We need need materials materials which which can can bear bear highhigh temperature and pressure.temperature and pressure.我们需要那种能耐我们需要那种能耐高高温和耐温和耐高高压的材料。压的材料。3. 3. I I identify identify myself myself as as one one of of critical critical lovers lovers and loving critics of and loving critics of the United Nationsthe United Nations. .我自认为我既是一个批评我自认为我既是一个批评联合国联合国的爱护者，又是的爱护者，又是 一个爱护一个爱护联合国联合国的批评者。的批评者。7.1.2 7.1.2 Repetition Repetition of of the the Verb Verb which which is is Common Common to to Several Several Objects, Objects, or or the the Object Object which which is is Common to Several VerbsCommon to Several Verbs1. 1. We We should should learn learn how how to to analyze analyze and and solve solve problemsproblems. . 我们要学会如何分析我们要学会如何分析问题问题、解决、解决问题问题。 2. 2. We We have have come come here here to to expressexpress our our gratitude gratitude and and the the friendship, friendship, complete complete solidarity solidarity and and comradeship-in-arms that unite our two peoples.comradeship-in-arms that