动词动词谓语动词谓语动词时态时态 、语态语态虚拟语拟语 气非谓语动谓语动 词词不定式动动名词词分词词现现在分词词过过去分词词动词的分类语态语态 时态时态主动动被动动一般现现在时时v. /v.sam /is /are + Vp.p一般过过去时时vedwas / were + Vp.p一般将来时时will + v.will be + Vp.p过过去将来时时would + v.would be + Vp.p过过去完成时时had + Vp.phad been + Vp.p现现在完成时时have /has + Vp.phave /has been + Vp.p将来完成时时will have + Vp.pwill have been + Vp.p现现在进进行时时am /is / are + Vingam /is /are + being + Vp.p过过去进进行时时was /were + Vingwas /were + being + Vp.p时态和语态的主要考点1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进 行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、过去将来等。2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；主从句时态呼应问题。3、几种时态的替代问题.近三年动词的时态在高考 中的考点考点年号一 般 体进 行 体将 来 体完 成 体完 成 进 行 体 200424 2620052929200623最常用的几种时态时态 与时间时间 状语语的搭配 一般现现在every , sometimes, at , on Sunday 现现在进进行now, 现现在完成for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently 一般过过去yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 过过去进进行this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while 过过去完成before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as 一般将来next, tomorrow, in 过过去将来多用在间间接引语语中表示发发生在谓语动谓语动 作以后 的动动作1 一般现在时的用法 1） 经常性或习惯性的动作 1. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. A .will play B. have played C. played D. play 2.-_my glasses ? -Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago. A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. would you see D. Have you seen 3.We will see to it that every child in the nation _ good education ,especially those in the poor countryside. A. get B. will get C. gets D .would get1 一般现在时的用法2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句 。Knowledge begins with practice. She said that the sea water is salty.In some parts of the world, such as in England , tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. serves C. is served D. served -The girl _ weight recently.-Yes , she _ too much. has gained ,is eating B. gains ,eats C. is gaining, ate D. is gaining ,eats1 一般现在时的用法3）按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。此时 句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。此时主 主语是物：车，船，飞机等The train leaves at three this afternoon.4）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现 在时代替一般将来时。If it is fine tomorrow ,we will go to the countryside.-Put these glasses away before they _.-OK. Ill put them in the cupboard.A. have broken B. are breaking C. get broken D. will be brokenIve brought my tennis things along in case we _ time for a game tomorrow.A. shall have B. have C. will have D. are going to have-Can I drive on the free way, Mr Green?-You can when you _ a bit more skilled.A. will get B. are getting C. will have got D. get2 一般过去时的用法 1）表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态。 1.-Look! Someone has spilt （溢出）coffee on the carpet.（地毯）-Well , it _ me.A. isnt B. wasnt C. hasnt been D. hadnt been 2.-Ive bought a box of chocolates for our daughter. -Oh, how good a dad! But she doesnt like sweet things. _ that?A. Dont you know B. Havent you known C. Didnt you know D. Hadnt you known 3.-Was Mary in the office when you arrived there?-Yes , but she _soon afterwards.A. had left B. left C. would leave D. will leave2 一般过去时的用法 2）注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别：一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进 行时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。 I wrote a letter this morning. 今天上午我写 了一封信。（信已写完） I was writing a letter this morning. 今天上 午我在写一封信。（正在写，不一定写完）1.-Has Tommy finished his job yet?-I have no idea of it ; he _ it this morning.A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did2.As she _ the newspaper, Granny _asleep.A . read, was falling B. was reading ,fell C. was reading, was falling D. read ,fell3.All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_.A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown4.-Im sorry , I shouldnt have been so rude to you.-You _ your temper but thats OK.A. have lost B. had lost C. did lose D. were losing. 3. 一般将来时1 .一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做某事或来 注定要发生的事情。2 .表示将来时的四种形式will /shall +动词原形 be going to do be about to do(正要干什么) be to do be going to 有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而 will表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和 偶然性。-The telephone is ringing.-I _ answer it. A. will B. am going to C. am to D. am about to-Alice, why didnt you come yesterday?-I _, but I had an unexpected visitor.A. had B. would C. was going to D. did be going to 可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而 will 不能表示Look at the clouds! Its going to rain.3. be to和be going to 表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发 生的动作。be to do 安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性 ，有时=be going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事. be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。 I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.4be about to do 表示“正要干什么”，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用 。常与when 连用，when 此时意思： 就在这时，是并列 连词构成句型： be about to do when.I was about to leave when it rained. 特别注意（1）一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机 等时刻表中安排好的。The plane leaves tomorrow.(尽管有tomorrow, 但没有 will ,be going to )（2）某些瞬间动词“go, come, arrive ,leave ,start, begin, fly, take ”等用现在进行时表示将要发生的 动作。Ive won a holiday f