书面表达系列训练图表题的写作方法高考书面表达题不仅考查考生写的方面的微技 能，而且考查考生观察、分析、理解、解决问 题的能力以及综合运用语言的能力。纵观历年 来的书面表达题可以看出，看图作文作为一种 较好的题型，得到了命题人员的青睐，但是图 表题类书面表达对于培养和考查学生运用语言 解决实际问题的能力，也不失为一种好题型。 对于图表题，考生只有具有扎实的语言基础知 识，能够灵活运用语言的交际性、逻辑性和变 通性才能组织出一篇优秀的书面表达。图表题 不象文字表述题和看图作文题形象直观、要点 明了，它需要考生通过观察和分析图表，提炼 要点，然后组织表达材料。从审题的角度看， 图表题要难于另外两种题型。那么怎样做图表 题呢？现以一篇图表题为例谈谈练笔技巧。一、审题抓要点 1、 紧扣图表中的转折点。2、 获取提示中的说明点。(e.g. In 1959 per capita income was no more than 300 Yuan. The peasants earned about 200 Yuan in 1969. Great changes have taken place since 1978. In 1989 peoples per capita income reached almost 1,000 Yuan. Per capita income was more than 2,000 Yuan in 1999.)(e.g. Its a small village with high mountains around it. The peasants plant apple trees and grow wheat. There are six trucks in the village. All the peasants live a happy life in their own new buildings.)二、扩充连成文 Its a small village with high mountains around it. It was poor forty years ago in “Red Flag Village”. There were more than two hundred people there. Per capita income was no more than 300 Yuan in a year. But the peasants earned less in 1969. They got poorer. Great changes have taken place since 1978. The peasants began to plant apple trees and grow wheat on their own farms. By the year 1989 peoples per capita income had reached almost 1,000 Yuan. Now theyre much richer than before. Per capita income was more than 2,000 Yuan in 1999. They have six trucks and some tractors. All the peasants live a happy life in their own buildings.三、定篇细查看 一篇初步完成的语篇还要经过修改和审 阅，才能最后定稿。怎样修改？一方面 平时养成写后复审自校的习惯，另一方 面，还要掌握一些修改自校的方法。比 如：1、词法、句法有无问题；2、要点 和细节有无遗漏；3、拼写、标点有无错 误；4、字数是否符合要求等等。这样， 临考时才能真正做到沉着而不慌，冷静 而有序，应考时才能应付自如，落笔成 文。柱状图表题 写作方法与曲线形图表题类似，分别将 各柱所说明的信息作为要点逐一描述， 若是新旧对比的柱状图表题，可将同一 类型的放在一起对比阐述，也可按时间 顺序一块一块地阐述。请看以下一例 ： 【One possible version】 Senior middle school students were heavily burdened with all kinds of homework. Because of various examinations, they spent about 6.5 hours in their classrooms a day. At home, about 3.5 hours were spent on their homework and therefore most of them got less than seven hours sleep a night, with only about three hours free time for other things. As a result, their health was badly damaged.Now things are getting better. About five hours are spent in class and hours for homework are shortened to about two so that they have two more hours sleep and also two hours free time to do whatever they like.(NO.17)The two graphs tell us the relationship between lung cancer and smoking in China. As can be seen from the graphs, they show that from 1900 to 1980, the number of young smokers increased from around a million to 55 million. In the same period, the cases of lung cancer increased at an even greater rate. In 1900, there were about 40,000 lung cancer patients aged 20-30. But by 1980 there was about 110,000 people with lung cancer. How terrible! We all know that lung cancer is a terrible disease which has also been proved to be closely related to smoking. Therefore, to prevent lung cancer and decrease the possibility of such diseases, please stop smoking right now.2004年北京高考 Chart 1 shows the daily average amount of time the students of the school spend on different after-class activities. The students put the most time93 minutesinto their homework, and next in line is watching TV, which takes up 46 minutes. They put in about the same amount of time listening to music and working on the computer, 34 minutes and 30 minutes each. While 25 minutes is spent on sports, only 12 minutes goes into housework. As is shown on Chart 2, only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities. I think the school should encourage the students to do more exercise after class. This way, they may be healthier and more energetic.