议论文写作 基本框架与策略Walter Wang School of BusinessDateIntroduction BodyConclusion DateIntroduction BodyConclusion About 30 words (3-5 sentences )General statement about topicWriters positionWhat the writer is going to sayDateIntroduction BodyConclusion About 90 words (10 sentences)First point in first paragraphSecond point in the paragraphThird point in the paragraphDateIntroduction BodyConclusion CONCLUSION About 30 words ( 2 3 sentences) SummaryConclusionRecommendation Date首段基本写作策略 t议论文的首段必须包括两个要 素，一是背景介绍，二是写作 意图，但这两点都不应有任何 拓展，否则就会把应当在主体 段落出现的内容在首段都讲完 ，这样势必造成在主体段落无 话可说，成了一篇头重脚轻的 畸形文章。 Date首段从以下三个方面进行： 1. 背景信息(setting / background information)，事实上就是把题目所提供 的背景用自己的话再描述一遍(a restatement of the question)。 2. 说明写作意图(statement of purpose)，为 下文做铺垫，争取用一句话把观点说清 楚。写作意图应当是首段的最后一句话 。 3. 对主要观点进行总结概括(summary of main points) Datet例如：不同工作的员工所获得的休假天 数不同，你是否认为无论何种工作的员 工都应该享有同样长时间的休假日 ？tAs a proverb goes: “All men are created equal.” This notion has been used by many people to insist on absolute equality among all people. By this token, some people believe that all staff shall have equal amount of holidays. Unfortunately, this may not be necessarily correct. Date主体段基本写作策略t主体段中要详细阐述首提出的观点。 按照首段的写作策略，文章的重心应 是首段的最后一句话，而主体段中每 段的主题句应放在第一句。t主体段的分段视情况而定，写两段或 三段比较理想。t其结构是:DatetThesis statementtTopic of the first paragraph Supporting ideas tTopic of the second paragraph Supporting ideas .tTopic of the third paragraph Supporting ideas Date例如：tIn is a fact of life that the development of science and technology has been accompanied by a decline in traditional culture. In my opinion, this is not necessarily a bad thing, because some aspects of traditional culture hamper progress and should be abandoned. DateFirstly, science and technology have cleared up many matters that were mysterious to us in the past. For instance, we now know that thunder and lightning are not cause be gods being angry, but are normal natural phenomena. As a result, a large number of harmful superstitions have disappeared, and nobody regrets their passing.DateSecondly, our everyday lives have been made more convenient by scientific and technological inventions. Nowadays electric lights have replaced the traditional oil lamps, and computers enable us to make quicker and more accurate calculations. Even more important is the fact that airplanes can help us to travel faster than the traditional horse driven wagons.Date注意：t在同一个段落中不能出现平级概念。 例如：在谈到电视的优点时有几个分 观点，主体段落的第一段是讲电视可 以帮助我们了解世界，但是在第二段 却同时谈到两个分观点，A电视可以帮 我们了解大自然，B电视可以使我们放 松，那么B分观点不应该出现在第二自 然段。t文章要有层次感，衔接手段十分重要 。 Date结尾段基本写作策略t结尾段在不同的题型中写法不一，但最好不 要只写一句话。tUseful phrases After considering the facts As I have argued above Therefore I believe that To sum up In a word To make a long story short Datet例如：Therefore, for the above reasons, I welcome the development of science and technology. Advances in science and technology have brought us many benefits. At the same time, they have eliminated the bad parts of traditional culture while preserving the goods parts.Date议论文分类讲解 1.Problem + Reason + Recommendations(问题理由建议)DateSampleThere is too much traffic congestion on the road and street. Give possible reasons and your recommendations to solve the problem.You should write at least 150 words.DateWhy There Is so Much Traffic Congestion in Big Cities For the past ten years traffic jams in big cities have been more and more serious. There are many causes for traffic jams, but in general, they come down to three major ones. For one thing, with the rapid development of motor industry, too many transportation tools are brought into use, especially automobiles that are responsible for a remarkable number of traffic jams. DateFor another, the traffic systems in big cities were mainly established in the 1940s. The roads are too narrow to bear such heavy traffic.Perhaps the prime reason is that the thick population has become even thicker with the coming of rural laborers into the big cities so that roads and streets are full of pedestrians.DateFrom the foregoing, traffic congestion is problem that needs immediate attention. The government should take some measures to solve it. The sooner, the better.Date议论文分类讲解 2. Your Opinion / Your View on (你的观点)DateSamplePeoples view on money varies from person to person. Some think that money can make a mare go but others think that money is the root of all evil. What is you opinion on that. You should write at least 150 words.DatePeoples views on money vary from person to person. Some people think that money is everything. They hold this opinion because they can use money to buy many things such as TVs, DVDs, air conditions, and computers. However, others hold that money is important but not so important as to mean everything. In their opinion, not everything can be bought with money. DateAs to me, I am in favor of the second idea. The