Introduction Description 概述 Classification 分类 Causes 病因 Symptoms 症状 Pathlogical Changes 病变 Exams and Tests临床检查 Treatment 治疗 Outlook(Prognosis) 预后 Prevention 预防 Gastric Cancer refers to cancer arising from any part of the stomach. Stomach cancer causes about 800,000 deaths worldwide per year. Gastric Carcinoma is the most common cause of death in malignant tumors of alimentary system in China. Description- Definitioncarcinomak:sinum n. 癌malignantmlinnt adj. 恶性的alimentarylimentri adj. 消化的 Location: mainly along the gastric lesser curvature side(80.3%), predominantly in the antrum (56.4%) A higher incidence in males than females with a ratio of 2:13:1. It usually appears in fourth and sixth decade of life. This form of gastric cancer is very common in Japan, Chile, and Iceland.Description- Featuresgastric lesser curvature(k:vt, -t ) side 胃小弯侧predominantlyprdmnntl adv. 大部分，多半Antrumntrm n.窦，腔，房incidenceinsidns n.发病率Stomach cancer world map - Death WHO(世界卫生组织)2004Age-standardised death rates(年龄标准化死亡率) from Stomach cancer by country (per 100,000 inhabitants(居民).Description- FeaturesSeveral different types of cancer can occur in the stomach. The most common type is called adenocarcinoma, which starts from one of the common cell types found in the lining of the stomach.Gastric cancer 胃恶性肿瘤Gastric carcinoma (Adenocarcinoma) 95% (arising from the epithelium 来源于上皮组织) 胃腺癌Gastric sarcoma 5% (Arising from Mesenchymal tissue 来源于间叶组织) 胃肉瘤 （教材未提及）Classificationadenocarcinomadinu k:sinum n.腺癌the lining(衬里,内层) of the stomach:胃壁Mesenchymalmesekim l adj. 间叶细胞的,间充质 的 Adenocarcinoma of the stomach is a common cancer of the digestive tract worldwide, The rate of most types of gastric adenocarcinoma has gone down over the years. Experts think the decrease may be because people are eating less salted, cured, and smoked foods. ClassificationDigestive tract：消化道Salted：盐腌的Cured：熟化的，熏制的Smoked：烟熏过的CausesYou are more likely to get gastric cancer if you: Have a family history of gastric cancer Have an infection of the stomach by bacteria called Helicobacter pylori Had a polyp larger than 2 centimeters in your stomachBacteria:bktiri n. 细菌Helicobacterhelikbkt 【医】缠绕杆菌属 pylori pail:rai n.幽门 - Helicobacter pylori:幽门螺杆菌Polypplip n.息肉 Have inflammation and swelling of the stomach for a long time (chronic atrophic gastritis) Have pernicious anemia SmokeCausesInflammation:nflmen n. 医炎症Swelling:swel n. 肿胀 chronic atrophictrfik gastritisgstrats :慢性萎缩性胃炎perniciouspns anemiani:mi: :恶性贫血 Abdominal fullness(腹胀) or pain(疼痛), which may occur after eat a small meal Dark stools(黑便) Difficulty swallowing(吞咽困难), which becomes worse over time Excessive belching(嗳气/打嗝儿过度) General decline in health(全身健康机能减退)SymptomsAbdominal:bdmnl adj. 腹部的 Belch:belt v.打嗝，嗳气Decline:diklain n.衰退 嗳 i:打嗝儿，胃里的气从嘴里出来，并发出声音。 Loss of appetite(食欲缺乏) Nausea(恶心) Vomiting, which may contain blood(呕血) Weakness or fatigue(疲劳) Weight loss(体重减轻)SymptomsAppetite: pitait n.胃口，食欲Nausea:n:zi:, -, -si:, - n. 作呕； 恶心； 反胃 Vomit:vmit vt.& vi. 呕吐 Fatigue:fti:g n. 疲劳 Early gastric cancer:早期胃癌 The cancer have not invaded the muscularis propria(肌层) and are therefore limited to the mucosa(黏膜层) and submucosa(黏膜下层). Advance gastric carcinoma:进展期胃癌 The cancer have invaded the muscularis propria or even further and beyond the mucosa and submucosa.Pathlogical ChangesInvade:inveid vt.& vi. 侵入 Muscularis:mskjulris肌层 Mucosa:mju:kus n. 黏膜层 Propria:固有层 Protruded type (型 隆起型) Superficial type (型 表浅型 ) Superficial elevated type (a型 表浅隆起型) Superficial flat type (b型 表浅平坦型) Superficial depressed type (c型 表浅凹陷型) Excavated type (型 凹陷型 )Pathlogical ChangesProtrude:prtru:d vt. 使突出 Superficial:sju:pfil adj. 表面（上）的 Excavate:ekskvet vt. 挖掘； 开凿 (1)息肉型或蕈伞型polypoid or fungating type(2)溃疡型 Ulcerative type(3)浸润型 Infiltrating type 进展期胃癌 大体类型 Pathlogical ChangesPolypoid:plipid息肉样 Fungating:fngeit 医真菌样生长 Ulcerative:lsrtiv adj. 溃疡（性）的 Infiltrating:nfltret v. （使）渗透 A suspicious stomach ulcer that was ultimately diagnosed as cancer on biopsy(baipsi 活检) and resected(ri(:)sektid 切 除). The surgical specimen(spesimn 外科手术样本) was subsequently(sbsikw ntli 随后，后来) kept for educational purposes.Pathlogical ChangesAdenocarcinoma of the stomach (dinuk:sinum 腺癌) 隶属溃疡型进展期胃癌，伴有溃疡形成的胃 癌有时需与消化性溃疡鉴别Endoscopic(endskpik 内窥镜) image of linitis(linaitis胃蜂窝织炎 ) plastica(plstik 塑料 的), a type of stomach cancer where the entire stomach is invaded, leading to a leather(le 皮革) bottle -like appearance with blood coming out of it.Pathlogical ChangesLinitis plastica 革囊胃 隶属浸润型进展期胃癌 Diagnosis is often delaye