朱自清匆匆匆匆朱纯深、张培基英译文比较赏析朱纯深、张培基先生都对朱自清的早期散文匆匆进行了翻译，两位大师在充分理解和 把握原文的基础上，运用娴熟的翻译技巧产出的译文各有特色。下面我们将对比分析两位译文 的部分精彩字句，学习其巧妙的翻译技巧，体会翻译中的高深学问。燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了， 有再开的时候。 朱译：Swallows may have gone, but there is a time of return; willow trees may have died back, but there is a time of regreening; peach blossoms may have fallen, but they will bloom again. 张译：If swallows go away, they will come back again. If willows wither, they will turn green again. If peach blossoms fade, they will flower again. 原文开篇就是一个排比句，句子看似短小，实则翻译起来颇有难度。我们知道，英语是“重形合” 的语言，也就是说它强调句子间的逻辑关系，而汉语重“意合”，更注重传达句子意思而句式较松 散。因此，在翻译次句时，首先要考虑采用一个什么样的英文句式来衔接并体现原文的逻辑关 系。两种译文都采用了相同的句式，力求达到“形似”。朱的译文选择了”but”轻微转折连词来衔 接，且使用了”there is a time of “近于直译原文的句式，但最后一部分却改用”they will bloom again”, 使得整体句式稍未完整；而张培基则全部采用条件句”if” 衔接，既体现了句子间的逻辑 关系，又对应了原文的三个并列句，况且以”if”从句为首，还使人想起英国诗人雪莱的名句If winter comes, can Spring be far away, 有助于烘托原文的韵味。对于原文中的“去”字,朱译用leave,强调不在原位置;张译用go by,强调的是时间过去的动作;张译中译者还有意用了O等字样以造成一种古诗一般的情调,对全篇的“情绪”起到了“定格”的作用。可见译者能以小译大,从小处着眼,传达出原文中深层次的美。但是，聪明的,告诉我,我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢?朱译: You the wise, tell me, why should our days leave us, never to return?张译: O You the wise, would you tell me please, why should our days go by never to return?我不知道他们给了我多少日子张译：I dont know how many days I am entitled to altogether.朱译：I dont know how many days I have been given to spend.此处两位译者都使用了被动语态，对于核心词汇“ 给”，张译entitle表达作者对生命的敬畏；而朱译 使用give这一泛指词汇，正是与汉语中“给”字相对 应，在此处也未尝不可。我不知道他们给了我多少日子；但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。 张译：I dont know how many days I am entitled to altogether, but my quota of them is undoubtedly wearing away.朱译: I dont know how many days I have been given to spend, but I do feel my hands are getting empty.朱用了empty一词，其释义为 have nothing inside, 是一种状态。而 匆匆一文原作者更想表达的是一个流逝的过程而张选用的”wear away” 一词来得非常自然、贴切。wear away 释义为 cause something to become thin, damaged, weak, etc. by constant use. 与原作者想要表达的他们给我的日子就这样渐渐流逝非常贴切。在默默里算着，八千多日子已经从我手中溜去 。两种译文都能表达出原文意蕴，但细细品味，仍能发现各自 的 优势与不足在牛津词典中count up的准确意思是to calculate the total number of people,things,etc.in a particular group.而take stock的意思是to stop and think carefully about the way in which a particular situation is developing in order to decide what to do next.两都相比较，很显然朱的译文是不太恰当的。张译：Counting up silently, I find that more than 8,000 days have already slipped away through my fingers.朱译：Taking stock silently, I find that more than eight thousand days have already slid away from me. 再看slip away:to stop existing; to disappear or die(消失，消亡，死去）.而slide away:to move quickly and quietly, for example in order not to be noticed; to make sth move in this way（快捷而悄声地移动）.通过比较分析不难看出slide away 更能体现原文的美。在这一点上，朱的译文是相当好的。在默默里算着，八千多日子已经从我手中溜去。张译：Counting up silently, I find that more than 8,000 days have already slipped away through my fingers. 朱译：Taking stock silently, I find that more than eight thousand days have already slid away from me.八千多日子，张直接用阿拉伯数字“8000”来表示，而朱则用了英文单 词来译。从理论上来讲都是可以的。但本人认为因为本文是为了表达 时间流逝匆匆，“8000”这个数字更醒目、更能体现这一点。而英文单 词eight thousand 则达不到这样的效果。另外张用了slipped away through my fingers与原文的“从我手中溜去”相呼应，较好地保持了原 文的风姿，又易于被读者所接受。本人认为是译的比较精彩的。我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸了。张译：At the thought of this, sweat oozes from my forehead and tears trickle down my cheeks.朱译：Already sweat is starting on my forehead, and tears welling up in my eyes.朱选择了 start：to make a beginning on something, 只是一个简单 的开始的动作。张的ooze：come or flow out slowly.慢慢流出,更能 体现”涔涔”的那种动感美。朱的well up：flow or rise like water from a well （像泉水般流出、涌出），well up 用在此处似乎不合适宜， trickle down：cause something to flow in a thin stream 使成小股流 动，更符合原文意境。早上我起来的时候，小屋里射进两三方斜斜的太阳。张 译朱 译When I get up in the morning, the slanting sun marks its presence in my small room in two or three oblongs. When I get up in the morning, the slanting sun casts two or three squarish patches of light into my small room. 对“射进”的处理，朱和张截然不同。朱用了“mark its presence” 以静译动， 体现了静态美，但我觉得并不妥，因为原文”射进“本来就是一个动作过程， 并没有体现出静态结果，且匆匆本来体现的就是时光的流逝，是一个动 态过程。较之张的”cast into”则更贴切，体现了动态美，更符合原文的意境 。就一个“方”字，两位的译法也不同。朱的“oblong” 指 any shape that is longer than it is wide（牛津英汉双解词典），由此可指它表示的方形一般是 长方形之类的较规则形状，但揣测原文意义应该是指像方形的块状物，可能 并不很规则，据此，张所用的“squarish patches”似乎更能准确地表达洒在地 上的阳光的形状。且squarish （似方形的）又带有抽象意义，意境更模糊， 更朦胧，符合原文意境。原文用了两组双字词,“徘徊”是同样的偏旁部首,而且辅音的读音相似,朱译用了hesitate而不是其他表面看来更接近原文的词来译,原因在于他认为:“匆匆”的是时光,“徘徊”的是人心,即本质和肉体的外在“匆匆”与内心和精神的内在“徘徊”之间的冲突。朱译达到简洁明了。张译用押头韵和尾韵的waver and wander译出,是失之东隅,收之桑榆的妙译。虽无刻意雕琢之痕,但见译者在翻译时颇费苦心。只有徘徊罢了,只有匆匆罢了朱译: Nothing but to hesitate, to rush.张译: what can I do but waver and wander and live a transient life?但是不能平的，为什么偏要白白走这一遭啊？张译：However, I am taking it very much to heart: why should I be made to pass through this world for nothing at all? 朱译：It is not fair though: why should I have made such a trip for nothing!“不能平的”，朱译为“not fair”，不公平；而张译用“taking it very much to heart”。结合文章的写作背景及语境就可以知道，当时的中 国处于帝国主义侵略和军阀的统治之下，民不聊生。作为一名早期接 受先进思想的知识分子，作者感到更多的是对时间流逝的无奈，而自 己却不能有所作为，所以心中充满了苦闷与忧伤情绪，心绪不能平静 。由此可见，作者更多的是表达内心的惆怅以及对时光消失的耿耿于 怀。谢 谢 ！