英汉翻译理论与实践主讲 蔡子亮翻译理论与实践英译汉常用的方法和技巧:(8) n分译法(Division) n合译法 (Combination) 试译以下句子: 1. He, not surprisingly, did not come at all. 2. He is honest. He is straightforward. 3. About one hundred elements, two thirds of which are metals, have been found. 4. He did not remember his father, who died when he was only three years old. 5. Im not the first person who has made mistakes. 6. Is there any problem I mentioned that you dont understand?1. He, not surprisingly, did not come at all. n他根本就没来，这在预料之中。 2. He is honest. He is straightforward. n他为人纯朴而坦诚。 3. About one hundred elements, two thirds of which are metals, have been found. n已经发现100种元素，其中三分之二是金属。 4. He did not remember his father, who died when he was only three years old. n他三岁时父亲就去世了，因此，他不记得父亲 。 5. Im not the first person who has made mistakes.n犯错误的人多的是，我又不是头一个！ 6. Is there any problem I mentioned that you dont understand?n我提到的问题中，你们还有没有不懂的？分译译法与合译译法n英语重形合，而汉语则重意合，这种 截然不同的外在表现形式要求我们在 英汉翻译时要谨记这种差异，化繁为 简，化长为短，化整为零。n一般说来，英语长句比较多，汉语 句子一般比较短。n因此，在很多情况下，原封不动地对 原文中的长句进行汉译，往往会使译 文读者感到费解。分译译法与合译译法n分/拆译法(Division)：为了符合汉 语表达习惯, 也为了更清楚地表达 原文意思，在翻译时可以改变原 文结构，把原文的某个成分从原 来的结构中分离出来，译成一个 独立成分、从句或并列分句。n此处所谓的句子不在于结尾处用 句号，而在于有无主谓结构。分译译法与合译译法n英语长句不限于并列句和复合句， 简单句有时也很长。它的一个重要 特点便是修饰语较长。 n英语长句的翻译通常采用分译法分 译成几个短句，这是因为英语长句 用得较多,相对而言汉语中用得较少 ；其次因为英语的后置修饰语有时 很长，而汉语的修饰语一般前置， 不宜过长。 分译译法与合译译法n英语长句需要拆句，因为英语的长句结构复 杂，给理解和表达带来困难。然而，为了修 辞效果, 表达习惯等的需要，有时对英语的 短句也用拆译法，拆成更短的句子。例: That guy was the most identifiable fox.n那个人十分狡猾，大家可以非常容易地看 出来。Im not the first person who has made mistakes. n我不是第一个犯错误的人。 n犯错误的人多的是，我又不是头一个！分译法与合译法n含定语从句的句子：除少数情况外，这类 从句都是长句。在英译汉时，如能将定语 从句译成前置定语，则尽量避免其他译法 ；如译成前置定语不合适，一般分译成一 个独立的句子或另一种从句，如状语从句 等。 例:n“Well, there is never anything happened in my family Im ashamed of.”n“嘿，我家可从来没出现过见不得人的事。 ”分译法与合译法n再如: nIm going to see my grandmother, who was ill in bed, to take her some fresh- baked that my mother has made for her. n我去看病在床上的祖母, 给她带些妈妈 刚烤好的蛋糕。 nMechanical energy can be changed into electrical energy, which in turn can be changed into mechanical energy.n机械能可转变为电能，而电能又可转变 以机械能。分译法与合译法n再如:nIn a dispute between two states with which one is friendly, try not to get involved.n当两国发生争端时，如与两国都友好，第三国 则力避卷入。 nMy chances of getting to revolutionary China are very slim, although I have not given up my efforts to get a passport that will enable us to visit the countries of Socialism.n我到革命的中国来的希望相当小，虽然我并没 有放弃努力来争取一张护照，以便访问社会主 义国家。分译法与合译法n拆译法大致有三种形式:顺拆法、倒拆 法、抽词拆译法。 n顺拆是把句子按意群分成片段，将片段 按原来的顺序译出。但拆译后的句子相 互间必须衔接，这往往需要加词。 例: nThey tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread more furiously throughout the country.n他们企图扑灭反抗，结果反抗越来越猛， 遍及全国。 分译法与合译法n再如: nEach kind of atom seems to have a definite number of“hand”that it can use to hold on to others. n每一种原子似乎都有一定数目的“手”， 用来抓牢其它原子。 nLet AB in the figure above represent an inclined plane, the surface of which is smooth and unbending. n设上图中AB代表一个倾斜平面，其表 面光滑不弯。 分译法与合译法n倒拆则是打乱原来的顺序，将 后面的提前译出。例: nIt was a real challenge that those who had learned from us now excelled us.n过去向我们学习的人，现在反而超过了 我们。这对我们确实是一个鞭策。n那些曾经向我们学习过的人现在已经超 过了我们。这对我们确实是一个挑战。分译法与合译法n再如:nThey remarked now he took a different seat from that which he usually occupied when he chose to attend divine worship.n他往常做礼拜的时候，总坐在固定的座位 上，可是那天他们发现他不坐在老位置了 。nThere is a universal tendency of every body to move towards every other body.n每个物体都要向其他任何一个物体移动,这是一个普遍存在的倾向。分译法与合译法n抽词拆译，顾名思义是将句子中某个词抽 出来，另行翻译。有的词如果按原文的结 构翻译不好处理，这时如将这个词译成句 子就能更准确地表达出原意，译文也比较 通顺。例: nI put on my clothes by the light of a half-moon just setting, where rays streamed through the narrow window near my bed.n我趁着正要落下去的半个月亮光穿上衣服； 月光从床边狭窄的窗子照射了进来。 n半轮残月渐渐西坠，月光透过床旁边的一扇 狭窄的窗子照射进来，我趁着月光穿上衣服 。分译法与合译法 nLaw enforcement cannot responsibly stand aloof.n执法部门不能负责任地对此不闻不问。n执法部门如果负责任，就不能对此不闻不问 。nOn behalf of all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality, for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.n我谨代表你们所有的美国客人向你们表示感谢 ，感谢你们的盛情款待，这种盛情是无可比拟 的。中国人民以好客闻名于世，名不虚传。分译法与合译法nThe Chinese seem justifiably proud of their economic achievements.n中国人似乎为他们的经济成就而自豪，这 是合乎情理的。nSurprisingly, Turkey defeated England in European Football Championship.n土耳其竟然在欧洲足球锦标赛上击败了英 格兰，真是令人大吃一惊。 nI tried vainly to persuade him to change his mind.n我试图说服他改变主意，但我失败了。分译法与合译法 定语从句比较长，译成汉语定语时显得 罗嗦，或定语从句结构并不长，但译成 汉语定语后不合逻辑或不符合汉语表达 习惯，就把定语从句拆译成汉语的并列 的独立句。这时可重复先行词，或用代 词“这、那、其”作为独立的主语，当从 句中的which和as代表整个主句时，一 般都译成并列句，主语用上述的代词。 有时从句具有一定的状语意义，翻译时 应把状语意义表达出来。 分译法与合译法例: Like charges repel, but opposite charges attract, which is one of the fundamental laws of electricity. 同性相斥，异性相吸，这是电学的 一个基本规律。Liquid water changes to vapour, which is called evaporating. 液态水变成蒸汽，这叫蒸发。分译法与合译法再如: Power is equal to work divided by the time, as has been said before. 功率等于功除以时间，这在前面已经 讲到。 Television equipment makes use of devices that can also be considered optical. 电视装置使用了这样的器件，这些器 件也可被看作光学器件。分译法与合译法再如: The sun is a mass of condensed gases or liquid, the temperature of which is about 10,000 on the