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高三英语词汇归类总复习 纵观历届高考,从单项选择、完形填空、短文 改错、单词拼写乃至阅读理解的考查无一不是 对词汇的考查 。到了高三,仅仅英语一科就 有厚厚九本书(新 版教材),两千多单词, 数不清的习语搭配和同义词,加上复 杂的语 法、语音的确使英语复习显得很难而又“漫无 边际“。 怎样才能花较少的时间取得较大的复习效果 ?下面就历届高考 词汇考查频繁的内容,从 语法、习语、辨析 和拼写等四方面将语音、 词汇、语 法和拼写融为一体,谈谈英语词汇 的归类总复习。 一、从用法上复习归纳词汇,过语 法关 英语词汇大多具有本身词义外,还有其语 法功能,我们在复习时就不要把着 眼点单 纯放在单词记忆上,而 要从它们的语法功 能上去把握它们。如在复习动 词时我们就 要根据它们变化形式多、搭配活跃等特点 ,从它们 的用法上进行分 类记忆。这样, 既可记住词汇,又可攻克语法难关。 1.宾语不同,意义也不同 英语中有些动词可同时后接不定式和动名 词作宾语,但意义不同。它们是高 考试题 的考查重点。这类词主要有: go on doing(继续干同一件事) go on to do(接着去干另一件事)stop doing sth.(停止正在干的事) stop to do sth.(停下来去干某事) regret doing(后悔干了某事) regret to do( 相当于be sorry to do) forget/remember doing(忘记记得已做过的事) forget/remember to do (忘记记得要干的事 ) mean doing(意味着干) mean to do(想 干) try doing(尝试做) try to do(设法做) (95高考) “You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. “ “Well, now I regret_ _that. “ A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done (92高考)“I usually go there by train. “ “Why not _by boat for a change? “ A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 2.都可接宾语和宾补,形式却不同 某些动词如forbid, advise, allow, permit, admit, consider等直接接动词 作宾语时要用动名词,但 接宾补时 ,宾补要用不定式。如: We forbid smoking here.(宾语) We forbid you to smoke here.(宾补) You are forbidden to smoke here.(主补) (87 高考)They would not allow him _across the enemy line. A. to risk going B. risking going C. for risk to go D. risk going 3.宾语不同、语态不同,意义却相同 有些词如need, require, want, deserve等后可接 不定式(要用被动形式), 可接动名词(要用主 动形式表被 动意义),可与worth, worthy一并记 忆。两种 形式意义相同。如: The room requires to be cleaned/cleaning. (85高考)This sentence needs_. A. an improvement B. improve C. improving D. improved 4.只接不定式作宾语的词和词组 只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有: decide, expect, refuse, wish, hope, order, promise, pretend, offer, happen, seem, make up ones mind, used, be about, be able, have等。如 : he pretended _me when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen 5.只接动名词作宾语的词和词组 只 接动名词作宾语的词和词组 mind, risk, avoid, enjoy, excape , keep, suggest, appreciate, practise, delay ,finish, feel like, look forward to, cant help ,keep (on) ,miss, be used to, excuse, be worth, imagine ,put off ,give up等。 如: (92高考)I would appreciate _back this afternoon. A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. you are calling (87高考)The squirrel was lucky that it just missed_. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch 6.半系动词 半系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词 等作表语,这类词有: 表感观的系动词: look, sound ,taste, smell, feel(这些词用形容 词作表语), seem, appear 表变化的系动词 :become, get, turn, grow, make, come, go, fall, run 表依旧的系动词:remain, keep, stay, stand, lie, 可带名词作表语的系动词: be, become, make, sound, prove, remain, turn(该词后接的单数名词 前多不 用冠词。如:He turned teacher.) (91高考) These oranges taste_. A. good B. well C .to be good D. to be well 7.含“被动“意味的动词 有些动词,如 sell, open, close, wash, teach, burn, measure, cut, lock, cost, read, write, tear , wear, pull, clean, add, cook, 等,它们的 主语是事物,且又是表示 主语的固有特征和 状态,与行为方式状语连 用时,要用主动形 式表被动意义: My pen writes smoothly.我的笔好写。 Oil burns easily.油易燃烧。 (88高考)That suit _over 60 dollars. A. had costed B. costed C. is cost D. cost (97高考 ) “Is this raincoat yours? “ “No, mine _there behind the door. “ A. is hanging B. has hung C.hangs D.hung Can you see the picture_(挂 ) on the wall?8.具有两种形式的易混动词 中学英语教材中有些不规则动词有两种过去式或 两种过去分词形式,使用或 考测时极易弄混。如 : hang, hanged, hanged(绞死) hang, hung, hung(挂起) light, lit, lit(点燃,作谓语) light, lighted, lighted(过去分词作形容词用时,意谓“ 燃烧着的“,作 定语) drink, drank, drunk/drunken(喝,饮;过去分词作形容词同时 ,意谓“醉的“,drunk多作表语,drunken多作定 语) sink, sank, sunk/sunken(下沉;过去分词 sunken作形容词用时,作定语) bear, bore, born (出生) bear, bore, borne(结果;生育) lie( 撒谎),lied, lied, lying lie(躺,卧,位于), lay, lain, lying (89高考)Do you know the boy _under the big tree? A.lay B.lain C.laying D.lying The woman, who was born in 1940,has borne five children. 二、从搭配上复习归纳词汇,过习 语关 英语词汇的搭配十分活跃,复习时我们要 把重点放在某些常用的动词、名词 或介词 、副词。 我们可按下列 方式进行对比归纳。 1.常用的搭配活跃的名词 常用的搭配较活跃的名词有:time, way, moment, means等。如time的搭配短语在中学教 材中出现有: in no time(立刻,马上), on time(按时), in time(及时、迟早), at a time(一次), behind the times(落伍), behind time(不及时,晚点) ,at one time(曾经),for a time(一度), at other times(其它时候,平素) at times (有时候), at all times(一直,经常) (93高考)If you keep on, you will succeed_. A. in time B at on time C. on time D.at the same time (94高考)Dont all speak at once!_,please. A.Each at on time B.One by one time C.One for each time D.One at a time 2.常用的搭配活跃的动词 常用的搭配活跃的动词有: look, take, make, give, get, have, go, do, turn, put, set, come等。复习时我们要 尽量将具有相反意 义的介词、副词与同一动词的搭配罗列在一起对比记 忆,如 turn一词: turn on(打开), turn off(关上), turn up(放大音量等;出现), turn down (放小音量等;拒绝) , turn in(上交), turn against(反对), turn out (生产), turn away(避开) (81高考)Would you mind _your radio a little? A. turn off B.
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