Artificial intelligencenArtificial intelligence is to use computers to analog and instead of human brain . The advent of computers has made artificial intelligence a major breakthrough. The computer can not only replace some of the human brain function, but exceed the human brain greatly in speed and accuracy .It can not only simulate part of analysis and the comprehensive function, but is getting to display a certain characteristics of consciousness. It really became an extension of the human brain.What is AI?The exciting new effort to make computers thinks machine with minds, in the full and literal sense” (Haugeland 1985)“The art of creating machines that perform functions that require intelligence when performed by people” (Kurzweil, 1990)“The study of mental faculties through the use of computational models” (Charniak et al. 1985)A field of study that seeks to explain and emulate intelligent behavior in terms of computational processes” (Schalkol, 1990)Systems that think like humansSystems that think rationallySystems that act like humansSystems that act rationallyViews of AI fall into four categories:What is AI?AISearch enginesLaborAppliancesScienceWhat else?AIn Honda Humanoid RobotWalkTurnStairsTuring test (1936)nAlan turing （1912-1954）nComputers can fool people, people who believe it is not the machine, then it should be called intelligent. 1956, the American scholar McCarthy who is considered the father of artificial intelligence of organized a Society, many experts and scholars gathered together for a discussion of up to two months. Inviting them to participate in the “Summer Dartmouth Artificial Intelligence Research Society.“ Since then, this field is named “artificial intelligence“ McCarthyMcCarthy 麦卡锡麦卡锡Birth of AIMcCarthyMcCarthy 麦卡锡麦卡锡MinskyMinsky 明斯基明斯基ShannonShannon 香农香农Birth of AISimon-1975Simon-1975Newell-1975Newell-1975 More, Samuel, Selfridge, More, Samuel, Selfridge, SolomonffSolomonff 莫尔（莫尔（Princeton Princeton ），塞缪尔（），塞缪尔（IBMIBM），塞尔夫里奇，），塞尔夫里奇， 索罗莫夫（索罗莫夫（MITMIT）Birth of AIIn machine learning, in 1957 Rosenblatt (罗森布拉特 )successfully developed Perceptron(感知机);In theorem proving, in 1958 Wang Hao in the IBM-704 machine with a 3-5 minute proved all 220 theorem “Principia Mathematica” in the relevant propositional calculus;In 1965, Robinson made due to the resolution principle(归结原理);In pattern recognition(模式识别), 1959 Selfridge(塞尔福 里奇) launched a pattern recognition program; 1965 Roberts prepared a distinguished building block construction procedures(可分辨积木构造程序);The first 10 years of achievement In terms of problem solving(问题求解): 1960 Newell(纽厄尔) compiled a universal problem solver (GPS), can solve 11 different types of problems; In expert systems(专家系统): the results of the 1968 Feigenbaum(费根鲍姆) developed DENDRAL expert system and put into use;In the artificial intelligence language(人工智能语 言): 1960 McCarthy (McCarthy) developed the artificial intelligence language-LISP language.The first 10 years of achievement Secondary Translation - Machine Translation the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak the vodka is good but the meat is rottenCombinatorial explosion problem (组合爆炸) The fact that a program can find a solution in principle does not means that the program contains any of the mechanisms needed to find it in practice.Perceptron limitations(感知机局限性) A two-input perceptron cannot be trained to recognize when its two inputs are different.Difficulties (the late1960s)nFeigenbaum(费根鲍姆) presented Knowledge Engineering at the 5th IJCAI(International Joint Conference On Artificial Conference On Artificial IntelligenceIntelligence，国际人工智能联，国际人工智能联 合会议合会议)Knowledge Engineering (1977)Hopfield Neural Networks (Hopfield, 霍普菲尔德， 1982)Back-propagation algorithm (Rumelhart & McClelland, 鲁 梅尔哈特，麦克莱伦德 1986)Its the most common neural network Neural Networks Computational Intelligence thriving (90s-now)Artificial Neural Network人工神经网络Genetic Algorithm遗传算法Fuzzy Reasoning模糊推理Ant Colony Algorithm蚁群算法Particle Swarm Optimization粒子群优化Artificial Immune System人工免疫系统19561956BirthBirthEnthusiasmEnthusiasm（狂热狂热 ）19661966DifficultiesDifficultiesNeural Networks RebornNeural Networks Reborn19861986Computational IntelligenceComputational Intelligence19691969 IJCAI was heldIJCAI was held19701970AI was launchedAI was launchedKnowledge EngineeringKnowledge Engineering19771977PresentPresent国际人工智能联合会议The History of AIMay 1997, the U.S. IBMs “Deep Blue” supercomputer beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov(卡 斯帕罗夫). The great achievements of artificial intelligenceAltificial intelligence (人工智能)Turing test (图灵测试)pattern recognition(模式识别)expert systems(专家系统)Neural Network(神经网络)Thank you!