1,Lesson SevenRefrigeration and Refrigerants,2,Topics,Refrigeration theory and evaluate,Air pollution by Refrigerants,Compressors,Text and key words learning,Usages and Expressions,3,Refrigeration and heat pump,High temperature,Low temperature,Refrigeration,Energy,TH,TL,QH,QL,High temperature,Low temperature,Heat pump,Energy,TH,TL,QH,QL,Summer,indoor,outdoor,Winter,outdoor,indoor,Topic one: Refrigeration theory and evaluate,4,vapor compression system,5,6,Indoorheat exchanger,Compressor,Expansion valve,四通换向阀,Four-way Reversing Valve,Outdoorheat exchanger,7,Entropy,Absolutetemperature,1,2,3,4,Theoretical Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle 1-2 The cold saturated vapor at state 1 is compressed isentropically to the high temperature in the cycle at state 2. 2-3 The cycle is completed by an isothermal and isobaric heat rejection or condensing process from state 2 to state 3. 3-4 Saturated liquid at state 3 expands isenthalpicaly to the low temperature and pressure of the cycle at state 4. 4-1 Heat is added isothermally and isobarically by evaporating the liquid phase refrigerant from state 4 to state 1.,Enthalpy,Pressure,1,2,3,4,8,COP: Coefficient of PerformanceEER: Energy Efficiency RatioHSPF: Heating Seasonal Performance FactorSEER: Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio,9,absorption system,water lithium bromideammonia water,10,11,Ozone Depletion !,反应输入物,反应产物,反应催化剂,Topic two: Air pollution by Refrigerants,12,decrease,increase,temperature increase,atmosphere,earth,Global Warming !,Greenhousegases,13,14,1. Refrigeration and Refrigeration Systems definition & classification of Refrigeration Systems2. Refrigerants, Cooling Mediums, and Absorbents definition & standard refrigerant designations3. Classification of Refrigerants classification of refrigerants based on ozone depletion4. Phase out of CFCs, BFCs, HCFCs, and Their Blends history of the phase out some alternatives,Topic Four: Text learning and keywords,15,refrigeration 制冷 refrigeration system 制冷系统refrigerant 制冷剂 cooling medium 冷却介质vapor compression system 蒸气压缩式系统absorption system 吸收式系统gas expansion system 气体膨胀式系统ozone depletion potential (ODP) 臭氧消耗潜能global warming potential (GWP) 全球变暖潜能absorbent 吸收剂 brine 盐水hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物 halocarbon 卤代烃phaseout 逐步停用或淘汰 alternative 替代物Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) 氢氟烃Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) 氢氯氟烃Chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs) 氯氟烃Bromofluorocarbons(BFCs) Halons 溴氟烃HC（ Hydrocarbon） 碳氢 FC（Fluorocarbon） 氟烃azeotropic 共沸的nonazeotropic 非共沸的,Topic Five: Text learning and keywords,16,Refrigeration is the cooling effect of the process of extracting heat from a lower temperature heat source, a substance or cooling medium, and transferring it to a higher temperature heat sink, probably atmospheric air and surface water, to maintain the temperature of the heat source below that of the surroundings.2. A refrigeration system is a combination of components, equipment, and piping, connected in a sequential order to produce the refrigeration effect.,cooling effect: 冷却作用 heat source: 热源 heat sink: 热汇cooling medium: 冷却介质 surrounding: (周围)环境,in a sequential order: 顺序的 refrigeration effect: 制冷效应,17,3. The compressed refrigerant is condensed into liquid form by releasing the latent heat of condensation to the condenser water.4. Liquid refrigerant is then throttled to a low-temperature vapor, producing the refrigeration effect during evaporation.5. After liquid refrigerant produces refrigeration during evaporation at very low pressure, the vapor is absorbed by an aqueous absorbent.,latent heat: 潜热 sensible heat: 显热condenser water: 冷却水,aqueous: 水的 水成的 absorbent:吸收剂 吸收的,throttle: 节流 节流阀 expansion valve: 膨胀阀,18,6. The solution is heated by a direct-fired gas furnace or waste heat, and the refrigerant is again vaporized and then condensed into liquid form.7. A refrigerant is a primary working fluid used to produce refrigeration in a refrigeration system.8. All refrigerants extract heat at low temperature and low pressure during evaporation and reject heat at high temperature and pressure during condensation.,