光合作用Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1771年，英，普里斯特利的实验1864年，德，萨克斯的实验1880年，美，恩格尔曼的实验20世纪30年代，美，鲁宾和卡门的实验一、光合作用的发现Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.胡萝卜素叶黄素叶绿素a叶绿素b叶绿素类胡萝卜素 （占总量的1/4）（占总量的3/4）二、 叶绿体中的色素Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.叶绿体中的色素主要吸收红橙光和蓝紫光Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.光能转变成电能中色素的作用：绝大多数叶绿素a ,全部叶绿素b， 胡萝卜素，叶黄素 (吸收、传递光能)少数处于特殊状态下叶绿素a （吸收、把光能转换成电能）Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 条件：条件： 过程：过程： 场所：场所：光反应光反应2H2H2 2OO O O2 2+4H+4H+ +4e+4e- -光光色素色素光、色素、酶光、色素、酶叶绿体的叶绿体的囊状结构囊状结构薄膜薄膜水的光解：水的光解：NADPHNADPH的形成：的形成：ATPATP的形成：的形成：暗反应暗反应ADP ADP + Pi + Pi + 电能电能 ATP ATP 酶酶（活跃化学能）（活跃化学能）NADPNADP+ +2e+H+2e+H+ +NADPHNADPH酶酶Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.类囊体类囊体光光光光OO2 2HH2 2OOe eHH+ +NADPNADP+ +NADPHNADPHADP+PiADP+PiATPATPEvaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 条件条件 ： 过程过程 ： 场所场所 ：暗反应暗反应多种酶参与催化、多种酶参与催化、ATP ATP 、NADPHNADPH叶绿体的叶绿体的基质基质COCO2 2的固定：的固定：COCO2 2的还原：的还原：COCO2 2NADPHNADPHNADPNADP+ +ATPATPADP+PiADP+Pi（CHCH2 2OO）酶酶C C5 52C2C3 3Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.光合作用的实质：光合作用的意义：把无机物（CO2和H2O）转变为有机物， 把光能转变为化学能，储存在有机物中（1）是生物生存所需要有机物的最主要来源。 （2）是生物生存所需能量的根本来源。 （3）保持大气中O2和CO2含量的基本稳定。( 4 ) 对生物的进化有直接意义。光合作用是生物界最基本的物质代谢和能量代谢。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.影响光合作用的因素光照温度二氧化碳水分必需矿质元素Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.大气中的大气中的 二氧化碳二氧化碳低浓度的低浓度的 二氧化碳二氧化碳高浓度的高浓度的 二氧化碳二氧化碳C C4 4途径途径C C3 3途径途径产物产物能量能量能量能量C C4 4植物中的植物中的“二氧化碳泵二氧化碳泵”“ “二氧化碳泵二氧化碳泵” ”backEvaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.光能利用率和光合作用效率的比较光能利用率：一般是指在单位土地 面积上，农作物在全生育期（或一 年时间内）通过光合作用所产生的 有机物中所含的能量，与这块土地 所接受的太阳能的比。 光合作用效率：通常也称光合作用速 率，是指单位时间单位叶面积内有机 物的产量。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.提高光能利用率的因素延长光合作用时间延长光合作用时间增加光合作用面积增加光合作用面积提高光合作用效率( 轮作 )( 合理密植：间种、套种 )光照强度、光质 CO2浓度 温度 水（ 合理灌溉）矿质元素（ 合理施肥）Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1864年，萨克斯(德)的实验（置于暗处几小时）思考：目的是什么？Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-