Grammarthe Subjunctive Mood虚 拟 语 气Q:Whats the difference between the two sentences?If I am free, I will visit you.If I were a bird, I would fly into the sky.（虚拟条件句）(真实条件句）If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train.If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.If I won the lottery now, I would buy an expensive car. 现在事实相反过去事实相反将来事实相反时 间 If 条件句主 句过去现在将来一、If条件句：时 间 If 条件句主 句过去had donewould should +have done could might现在were /did would should + do could might将来did / were should do were to dowould should + do could Might一、If条件句：If you had told me in advance, I _ him at the airport.A. would meet B. would had metC. would have met D. would have meet 陈述语气与虚拟语气典型例题1)The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained2) You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired.（96 N）A. drovedidnt get B. had drivenwouldnt have gotC. drovewouldnt get D. were drivingwouldnt get BB虚拟语气If型特例1：错综条件句：定义：从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.与过去相反与现在相反虚拟语气If型特例2：省略 if 的条件从句：用法：从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，省略if ，而把它们放在句首。3. If you had not helped me，I should have failed.2. If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.1. If I were you, I would not do that.Were I you, I would not do that.Should he failed in the experiment this time, he would try again.Had you not helped me, I should have failed.Had you listened to the doctor， you _ all right.A. are B. wereC. would be D. would have beenwish + 宾语从句现在：过去：将来：过去时 (did/were)过去完成时 (had done) would/could/might +V. I wish I were a bird. (现在) I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. (过去) We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. (未来)二、时态往前推一步型（1）If only ，as if/though 与wish用法一样I wish I _a bird.wereI wish every day _my birthday.wereI wish/wished I _( not eat ) so much watermelon.hadnt eatenwould rather +that （从句）宁愿过去时过去完成时过去现在/将来二、时态往前推一步型（2）虚拟语气Id rather you went tomorrow (now). 宁愿你明天(现在)去。 Id rather you hadnt done that. 宁愿你没这样做。 I would rather you _(pay) me now（tomorrow）. I would rather you _ (go) there yesterday. paid had goneIts (high) time +that过去时 (were/did )Should(不省) +V.你该走了。Its time that you went.Its time that you should go.我们该去睡觉了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 二、时态往前推一步型（3）二、时态往前推一步型（4）虚拟语气but for +n(要不是), without +n(没有) ，otherwise(否则)，in that case(如果那样)，一些短语其后的句子与if主句用法一致。+句子would/could/should/ might +dowould/could/should/ might +have done现在/将来过去1. Without sunlight , or water or air , there _ no life on the earth . A will have B would be C can be D must be 2 But for the snow , we _ earlier . A will arrive B would have arrivedC arrive D arrived 三个建议四个要求insistorder, commandadvise, suggest, proposedemand, desire,require, request其后的宾语从句及以其同根名词引导的主语，表 语，同位语从句中。虚拟语气三、Should +v 型两个命令一个坚持1.在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，主语从句中。这种用法的词有：虚拟语气类似用法的词有：necessary，strange，natural ，important， a pity三、Should + V 型2. It is +adj +that Its necessary that we should have a walk .Its natural that she should do so.Its important that we should take good care of the patient.1. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there.A. not went B. wont goC. not go D. not to go2. Janes pale face suggested that he _ ill . A be B wasC should be D is 3.He insists he _right.A. were B. wasC. be D. is could have done might have done should/ought to have done shouldnt/oughtnt to have done would have done wouldnt have done neednt have done四、情态动词的虚拟过去本来能做但却没做过去本可以做但却没做 过去本该做但却没做过去本不该做但却做了过去本没必要做但却做了本会做但却没做本会做但却做了2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her. (N 1994)A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it outSubjective moodIf 型Should +do型时态往前 推一步型情态动词。错综条件句(各自为准)Were, had ,should提前，省略if1. 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。2. It is（necessary，strange）+that1. wish / if only/as if2. Would rather3. It is (high) time that4. But for/otherwise/without/in that case1.过去式2.过去完成3.could/would/might +do 1.过去式 2.过去完成 Should（不省） + do过去式同 if 主句insistsuggest情态动词+have done过去本但却未1. 判断是否虚拟2. 判断虚拟类型3. 判断虚拟时间脚踏实地 迎接高考虚拟语气1. Alan _ the party if he had gone to London.A. would have missed B. had missedC. would miss D. missedExercises2. If I knew you were coming, I _ you at the airport.A. had met B. metC. would meet D. would have met虚拟语气Exercises3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.)A. listened B. had listenedC. should listen D. would listen虚拟语气Exercises4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house.A. sell B. soldC. shall sell D. would sell虚拟语气Exercises5. I wish this bus _ to the university.A. go B. wentC. has gone