Identification and Collection of Algae胡韧 暨南大学水生生物研究中心Sample CollectionMonitoring Site Selection1Monitoring Time Selection2Required Equipment3Collection methods4Monitoring Site Selection 11Segments that have very different water quality or pollution potential in specific areas should have more than one station.2Select monitoring sites that best represent water quality conditions of a water body.3Sites may be located below major pollution sources.Monitoring Site Selection 24Lakes and estuaries should have stations in the major arms and near the dam (reservoirs).5For routine monitoring in freshwater streams and rivers, sites must have either a stream flow gage or be suitable for conducting flow measurement. 6As a general rule, streams between 25 and 50 miles long require two stations.Monitoring Time Selection1-4 times/monthSampling frequency According to different programSummerseasonalSpring SummerMonitoring Time SelectionFlowFlowvBaseline monitoring includes samples collected over a range of flow conditions. FlowFlowvWhen samples are collected during abnormally high or low flow, the abnormal conditions will be recorded in the field logbook and on the observation lines of the sample data form. Monitoring Time SelectionRainRainLast rainfall information is very useful in interpreting historical data.TidalTidalTidal considerationsDailyDailyThe same time in different days (eg. 8:00-10:00 am)Required Equipmentv浮游生物采集网25号（64 m ）13号（86 m ）v采水器2.5 L5 L定量采样方法：用采水器取水面以下0. 5m 至离湖底0. 5m 的混合水样10L 。定性样品用孔径为 6m 或10m的浮游 生物网过滤获得。Required Equipment边长1M45 cm9 cm63 cm自制浮游植物网不同水体定量样品的采集v对于一般富营养化调查，取水面以下0.5米处的水样即可。v对于多样性调查，则要取生物多样性更高的地方 ，所以多采取混合水样。v没有分层的浅水湖泊，每1米一个样取至水底上方 0.5米处。v有分层的水体，应取至透明度的1.5倍且包括斜温层的深度。其它定量采样工具lintergrated hose-pipe sampler - 5 m length of 2.5 cm diameter plastic piping with a weighted collar at one end la cord attache to the hose and boat la rubber cork to fit one end of the hose其它采样用品v透明度盘 v浊度计 vpH计v多参数水质仪透明度测定Procedure v Lower disk into the water on the shaded side of the boat while keeping a firm grip on the line. v As the disk is lowered, count the number of depth marks on the line. v Keep lowering the disk until it is no longer visible; record the depth according the line marks. v Slowly raise the disk, and when it appears again, record the depth. v The average of these two depths is the Secchi depth.Field Data Logbooksv Station ID v Sampling Date v Location v Sampling Depth (if other than surface) v Sampling Time v Sample Collectors Initials (if several persons in the region collect this data) v Record of all measured field parameters and their respective values.For each visit to an individual station where field and/or samples are collected record the following:Field physicochemical parameters include part or all of the following:v Dissolved Oxygen v Chlorine Residual v Temperature v Salinity (tidal waters only) v pH v Secchi Disk Transparency v Specific Conductance v Days Since Last Precipitation Event (significant enough to influence water quality). v Flow SeverityField Data LogbooksOther ObservationsvWater Appearance Color, unusual amount of suspended matter, debris or foam, etc. vWeather Recent meteorological events that may have impacted water quality; heavy rains, cold front, very dry, very wet, etc. vBiological Activity Excessive macrophyte, phytoplankton or periphyton growth, The observation of water color and excessive algal growth is very important in explaining high chlorophyll a values. Other observations such as fish, birds and spawning fish are noted.Other ObservationsvUnusual Odors Hydrogen sulfide odor, musty odor, sewage odor, etc.vWatershed or Instream Activities Instream or drainage basin activities or events that are impacting water quality; bridge construction, shoreline mowing, livestock watering upstream, etc.Other Observationsv Record of Pertinent Observations Related to Water Quality and Stream Uses.v If the water quality conditions are exceptionally poor, note that standards are not met in the observations, for example, dissolved oxygen is below minimum criteria.v Uses-swimming, wading, boating, fishing, irrigation pumps, navigation, etc.v Eventually, for setting water quality standards, the level of use will be based on comments related to the level of fishing and swimming activities observed at a station.Sample Fixation固定液的配方如下：v 定性样品固定液 甲醛：丙三醇：水=10：10：80（体积比），可再加1ml冰醋酸，可以防止易收缩的藻类变形。v 定量样品固定液（鲁哥试液） 20g碘化钾溶解于含有20ml冰醋酸的200ml的水中，再加10g碘溶解其中，用棕色瓶保存。改良的可加4ml丙三醇，可用于对浮游动物的保存。从10L混合水样中取1L作为 定量样品，用Lugols 碘液固定并沉淀浓缩至50mL ，作定量计数用。将部分样品经酸处理，用于在油镜下对硅藻进行鉴定。Sedimentation and Concentrationv 沉淀和浓缩在筒形分液漏斗中进行。把分液漏斗固定在架子中，放在稳定的桌子上。将水样倒入分液漏斗，使浮游植物自然沉淀。v 理论上，浮游植物最小颗粒沉降速率为0.3cm/h, 若分液漏斗中水柱高度为20cm，则需沉淀60h。实际上，藻类大小在1m50 m之间，经碘液固定后，下沉较快，所以静置时间一般可为48h。分级沉淀法v没有分液漏斗时，也可采取分级沉淀法。v沉淀后，用细小的玻璃管（直径小于2mm）借虹吸方法慢慢吸去上清液，注意不能搅动或吸出浮在表面和沉淀的藻类，虹吸管在水样的一端可用孔径为20 m的筛绢封盖。分级沉淀法v将剩余的藻液（约20mL）放入容积为50mL的试 剂瓶中。试剂瓶事先在