动词概述和情态动词动词的种类o行为动词：表示动作和状态，独立作谓语。 I read newspapers everyday.(及物动词) Horses run fast. （不及物动词）o联系动词：须和表语一起构成谓语。(be seem等) My father is a teacher.o助动词：须和行为动词一起构成各种时态、语态、 语气。 I dont like it!o情态动词：说明说话者对其后主动词行为的态度。 I can speak a little English now.情态动词的语法特征o在形式上，情态动词没有实义动词的各种 变化，只有could, would, had to, was(或 were) to, might等几个过去式。 o在意义上，大多数情态动词有多个意义。 如can可表“能够”“可能”“允许”等.o在用法上，情态动词须后接动词原形，构 成谓语动词。 常见的情态动词ocan / could (be able to)能力、允许、可能性omay / might请求、允许、祝愿、可能性omust / have to（have got to）必须、不得不、推测oought to / should必须、推测oWill（2） / would / shall（1、3）意愿、推测oused to过去常常oneed (必须“否、疑”) （推测）/ dare （敢）oHad better 最好obe to计划、打算owould rather表示“宁愿“ 情态动词的回答方式问问句肯定回答否定回答Need you?Yes, I must.No, I needntMust you?No, I dont have to No, I dont need to典型例题1）-Could I borrow your dictionary?-Yes, of course, you_. A. might B. will C. can D. shouldKey: Ccould表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。允许 某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能 用could或might。will 与you连用，用来提 出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用 来提出劝告。 典型例题2）-Shall I tell John about it?-No, you _. Ive told him already. A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt Key: Aneednt 不必，不用。 wouldnt 将不, 不会 的。mustnt 禁止、不能。 shouldnt 不应 该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用 neednt。典型考题3）-Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.-_.A. I dont B. I wont C. I cant D. I havent KEY: Bwill既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也 可作为实义动词表“意愿、意志、决心“， 本题表示决心，选B。 表示推测的用法 否定形式、疑问问形式肯定形式cant couldntmay / might / must / should 等 情态动词态动词 be 表示对现在或将来情况的推测 情态动词态动词 be+ 现现在分词词 表示对正在进行的情况进行推 测 情态动词态动词 have +过过去分词词 表示对过去情况进行推测o1.It mustnt have rained last night. The ground is dry.o2.He mustnt be her son. She herself is so young.o3.You dont need go there if you have no time.o4.You must not tell me this if you think it unnecessary.改错题o5.You ought be more careful if you want to pass the exam.o6.He must not have gone now, must he?o7.Will I carry it for you?o8.Its too late. We may not go home now.改错题o9.Go and get some chalk, do you.o10.Time is up. We had better to leave now.o11.He mustnt be dead. I saw him last night.o12.I could not but to try.o13.Its forbidden. You neednt smoke here.改错题ought to和should +have过去分词肯定形式：表示过去该做而没有做某事。 You ought to have warned them of danger. 你本应提醒他们有危险。否定形式：表示过去不该（或不必）做却做 了某 事。 She shouldnt have told her the bad news. 她本不应该告诉她那个坏消息。典型例题Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having toldKEY: A由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前 因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词 ought to 后，所以用have told。