资源预览内容
第1页 / 共16页
第2页 / 共16页
第3页 / 共16页
第4页 / 共16页
第5页 / 共16页
第6页 / 共16页
第7页 / 共16页
第8页 / 共16页
第9页 / 共16页
第10页 / 共16页
亲,该文档总共16页,到这儿已超出免费预览范围,如果喜欢就下载吧!
资源描述
许金红Enable the students summarize the usage of the gerund.a.Help the student to summarize the usage of the gerund. b. Help the student to learn how to use the gerund. Teaching important difficult points Enable the students summarize the usage of the gerund.How to teach the students to use the gerund correctly.Question and answer activity; comparison methodLast time weve learnt to-infinitive, we know to-infinitive can use as the subject, the object, the predicative, the object complement, the attribute, the adverbial. Now we study thegerund.动名词 是一种非谓语动词形式, 由动词加ing词尾构成 。 动名词具有名词的特征,可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语Beating a child will do more harm than good(作主语 )Do you mind answering my question?(作宾语)His job is taking care of the child.(作表语)No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room (作定语)动名词是由动词变化而来, 它仍保留着动词的某些特征,可以带宾语和状语;也有时态和语态的变化。It was obvious that he was trying to avoid answering thatquestion(接宾语)Reading without thorough comprehension is no good (带状语)Getting a good job in a large city is very difficult (既带宾语又带状语) 动名词作主语 Seeing is believing. Collecting information is very important to business men.动名词作主语,有时先用it作形式主语,把动名词置于 句末。常见于It is no use/no good/fun/no fun+doing句型 。 例: It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难 收It is no use asking himHe knows nothing about that.: 动名词和动词不定式都可以用作主语。动名词多 用来表示泛指或抽象多次性的行为,不定式多用来表示 一次性或具体动作。 比较:Smoking is not good for health. It is not good for you to smoke so much. 动名词作宾语We do not permit smoking in the office In fighting the fire,he risked being burnt to death I suggest doing it in a different way有些动词后只能用动名词作宾语,构成固定搭配,需特别记忆。 常见的这类动词有: admit(承认),advise(建议),allow (允许), appreciate(感激),avoid(避免), cant help(禁不住),consider(考虑),dislike(不喜 欢),enjoy(喜欢),feel like(想要),finish(结束) ,imagine(想象),involve(包含),keep(保持), mind(介意),miss(错过),permit(允许), practise(练习),recommend(推荐),suggest(建 议),stop(停止),risk(冒危险)等 。短语有:depend on, succeed in, burst out, insist on, cant stand, be used to, get used to, devoteto, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to,set about,put off,be fond of等。 He is fond of playing football. Attention:1、有些动词或短语即可接动名词,又可接动词不定式。但意义 不同。如: go on,mean, stop,try, regret, forget,remember等 He go on doing the experiment.(继续做同一件事情,中间没中断) If you finished reading the passage, you go on to do exercises about it.(完 成一件事,继续做另一件事) I mean to come early today.(打算做) Missing the train means waiting for another hour.(意味着) Please stop talking.(停止正在做的事情) He stopped to have a rest.(停止下来,开始另一件事) You really must try to overcome your shyness.(努力) Try practicing five hours a day. (尝试,试着) I remembered to post the letters.(指未来/过去未来将要做的动作) I remembered posting/having posted the letters.(我记得做过这个动作) I regret to inform you that(我很遗憾地通知你) I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.(为了“二十年前的离开”而 遗憾。)2、有些动词接动名词和接动词不定式,用法上没 有太大区别。这样的动词有这些: intend,begin,start,continue等。 I hear they intend to marry/marrying. It started to rain/raining.3、有些动词可接动名词,表示泛指或习惯性的动 作;接动词不定式表示具体的或一次性的动作。如 :like,love,hate,prefer. He likes to swim today.(具体的一次) He likes swimming.(习惯性的爱好)动名词作表语His job is teaching the children to draw.动名词作表语与进行时态及现在分词的区别:动名词作表语,具有名词的特征,表示主语的内容,可与 主语互换。进行时态及现在分词没有这种关系。进行时态的主 语是谓语动作的执行者,现在分词不能与主语构成这种关系。Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。 (Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人 嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.) I am watching a football game.(主语是watch的执行者) The news is exciting.(系表结构)动名词作定语 动名词作定语放在所修饰词的前面,表示所修 饰名词的用途或使用目的。 a swimming pool.动名词与所修饰的词之间没有 主谓关系。现在分词作定语和所修饰词之间有 主谓关系。 a sleeping car an exciting news.(相当于A news is exciting.) 练习:指出哪些是动名词,哪些是现在分词。 a washing machine/a moving film / a reading room/ sleeping pills/falling leaves动名词的复合结构出于句意表达的需要,动名词常常带有自己的逻辑主语。动 名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语。 动名词自己带 的逻辑主语有两种形式: a) “物主代词或名词的所有格”+doing; Her coming made me very happy. He insisted on Marys living in the room. Janes being careless caused so much trouble. b) “名词的通格或人称代词的宾格”+doing。 We are glad at Tom coming.=We are glad at Toms coming. Would you mind me smoking here?=Would you mind my smoking here? 两者的区别是:前者为正式语体,后者多用于非正式语体, 多见于口语或动名词位于句中时。当动名词位于句首时,只 能使用第一种形式。在考试中,尽量用前者,不用后者。动名词的时态 动名词有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)之分。动名词的时态意义是一个相对的概念,从属于句中谓语动 词。一般式表示动名词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在 其后发生,或表示一般性动作,没有时间概念;完成式表示动 名词的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生或者动名词短语带有与 完成时连用的时间状语。例如: She is proud of being beautiful她为自己的美丽而骄 傲。(同时) I apologize for not having kept my promise 我为没能遵守诺言表示歉意。(之前发生) 动名词的语态 如果动名词与句中的逻辑主语构成动宾关系,需用动名词的被 动形式(being done,having been done)。They couldnt stand being treated like that他们无法忍受这样的 待遇。(与其逻辑主语They构成被动关系.) I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team 我听说他被选为那个队的教练.(与其逻辑主语his构成被动关系) 但动名词在want,need,require,deserve等动词之后作宾语时, 常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义,也可用不定式的被动式。 The flowers in the garden want watering花园里的花需要浇水了 。(比较:The flowers in the garden want to be watered) those questions dont need answering(比较: The questions dont need to be answered) 动名词的时态和语态语态 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式
网站客服QQ:2055934822
金锄头文库版权所有
经营许可证:蜀ICP备13022795号 | 川公网安备 51140202000112号