Direct speech 直接引语和间接引语);二二. . 用自己的话加以转述用自己的话加以转述, , 这叫间接引这叫间接引 语语 ( (Indirect speechIndirect speech). ).直接引语语 (变变化前)间间接引语语(变变化后)陈陈述句Jane said, “Im very fond of traveling.”that引导导的宾语宾语 从句 Jane said that she was very fond of traveling.直接引语语 (变变化前)间间接引语语(变变化后)一般疑问问句“Is this your umbrella, Mary?” asked John.whether/if 引导导的宾宾语语从句John asked Mary if that was her umbrella.直接引语语 (变变化前)间间接引语语(变变化后)特殊疑问问句“Mary, when will you return me the book?” asked John.wh-词词引导导的宾语宾语 从句John asked Mary when she would return him the book.由直接引语转变为间语转变为间 接引语语,有时时会引时态时态 的变变化, 注意以下几个方面:直接引语语(变变化前)间间接引语语(变变化后)主句动词为动词为 一般现现 在时时或现现在完成时时 She often says, “All men and women are equal under the law.”从句动词时态不变 She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.直接引语语(变变化前)间间接引语语(变变化后)主句动词动词为为一般过过去时时引导动词为导动词为:从句动词动词时态时态相应应变变化从句动词变动词变为为:一般现现在时时“I know it,” he said.一般过过去时时He said that he knew it. 直接引语语(变变化前)间间接引语语(变变化后)主句 动词动词 为为一 般过过 去时时引导动词为导动词为 :从句 动动 词词 时时 态态相 应应 变变化从句动词变动词变 为为:现在进行时 “Im making coffee for you all,” she said.过去进行时 She said she was making coffee for us all. 直接引语语(变变化前)间间接引语语(变变化后)主句动词动词为为一般过过去时时引导动词为导动词为:从句动词动词时态时态相应应变变化从句动词变动词变为为: 现在完成时 “I have seen her before,” said he. 过去完成时 He said he had seen her before. 直接引语语(变变化前)间间接引语语(变变化后)主句动词动词为为一般过过去时时引导动词为导动词为:从句动词动词时态时态相应应变变化从句动词变动词变为为: 一般过去时 “I saw her last Monday,” he said.过去完成时 He said he had seen her the previous Monday. 直接引语语(变变化前)间间接引语语(变变化后)主句 动动 词词 为为 一 般 过过 去 时时引导动词为导动词为 :从句 动词动词 时态时态 相应应 变变化从句动词变为动词变为 : 过去完成时 “ Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?” Jack asked.过去完成时 Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died. 直接引语语(变变化前)间间接引语语(变变化后)主句 动词动词 为为一 般过过 去时时引导动词为导动词为 :从句 动词动词 时态时态 相应应 变变化从句动词变动词变 为为:一般将来时 He said: “We shall start tomorrow.”过去将来时 He said they would start the next day.直接引语变间接引语时, 时态要发生变化:一般现在时 现在完成时 现在进行时 一般将来时 一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况 时态不变:1. 不变的真理The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.” The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.2. 经常的习惯：He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.3. 历史事件：The teacher said, “World War ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.4. 部分情态动词,如must, ought to, used to, had better等：She said to me: “You must hurry up.” She said that I must hurry up.由直接引语转变为间语转变为间 接引语语,下列代词词 、形容词词、副词词、动词动词 等可能要变变化 直接引语语间间接引语语 this these now ago todaytomorrowthat those then Before/earlier that day the next/following day直接引语语间间接引语语the day after tomorrow yesterday last night the day before yesterdaycome herein two days time the day before the night before two days before/earlier go there1. “I like reading adventure stories,” said John.John said that he liked reading adventure stories.2. “I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friend.Sarah told her friends that she didnt like computers.Exercise I3. “Ann, have you seen my blue notebook?” Peter asked.Peter asked Ann if she had seen his blue notebook. 4. “How can you do that?” Mary said to Ann.Mary asked Ann how she could do that. 5. “What difference does it make?” Peter asked Jim.Peter asked Jim what difference it made.1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.”Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat dayExercise II2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.”We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow 3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.”Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.”The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C. he shouldtomorrow D. he would the next day 5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?”They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethat6. Jane said, “What d