LOGOwww.themegallery.comEarthquakeEarthquake knowledgeImpacts on human lifeBuilding reinforcementEscape from earthquakeContents1.Earthquake knowledgeearthquake wave (震波) Source (震源) Focal depth (震源深度) P-wave (纵波) and S-wave (横波) magnitude(地震震级) and earthquake intensity(地震烈度)earthquake wave The sharp burst occurred within the earth producedSource On the ground from the recent pointFocal depthvThe epicenter of the depth to the sourcevShallow source earthquake(浅源地震): focal depth less than 60 kilometers. vintermediate-focus earthquake（中源地震）: focal depth in 60-300 kilometers. vDeep source earthquake（深源地震）: focal depth more than 300 kilometers.P-wave and S-wavevP-wave to make the ground fluctuation bouncing offvS-wave shaking the ground levelmagnitudeSmall earthquake（小地震）: less than 2.5 levels of earthquakesInductive earthquake（有感地震）: 2.5-4.7 earthquakeDestructive earthquake（破坏性地震）: more than 4.7 earthquakevintensity（烈度） :The measure of earthquake damage(12 degrees)intensityDamagesBenefitsImpacts on human lifespecific damagesNow lets look The destructionof buildings Ground damagesTsunamisUndersea earthquakes FireFloodsGas leakPlagueSecondary disasterSometimes, secondary disaster cause bigger casualties and losses than which were coursed by direct disaster.Fire in earthquake in Kanto The earthquake in Tangshan caused pollution in Tuojiang and caused the fish died in the river.comparison Death toll and economic loss caused by the earthquake in developed countries much less than developing countries .里氏8.5级 里氏8.0级 B E N E F I T S1.A variety of mountains and rivers （奇山异水）vthe severe movement of the crust （地 壳） vraise up block mountains (断层山) vsink down warped lakes（凹陷湖）Huangshan MountainHuashan MountainLushan Mountain Taishan MountainQinghai LakePoyang LakeDongting LakeDianchi Lake in Yunnanvsome springs v South and North hot spring in chongqing province.2、Abundant mineral resources vthe relative motion of the crust （地壳） vup to the surface of the earth for human exploration facilitated vmulti-metal ore （成矿）belt3、Artificial earthquake （人工地震）exploration for oil v take place before human history （人类历史时期）a lot of benefits vis helpful to the formation of petroleum （石油）Building reinforcementGoal: no damage under frequent earthquake , repairable damages under basic earthquake and no collapse under rare earthquake. Common problems in architectural engineeringvDesign defects vCant meet the demands vArchitectural planning and location is improper vPoor qualitySolutionsvGood locationsvReasonable structuresGood seismic behavior must come from relatively simple structures !Uniform and symmetrical walls（墙体均匀对称）v Use wood materials vStrengthen construction managementAdoption of new technology Seismic energy dissipation（消能减震）Seismic isolation(隔震）Bearings can support stable of the upper structure to isolate seismic energy 。Escape from earthquake Triangle of life will be formed next to beds, desks, big furniture and cars. What is survival triangle ? Survival Triangle These are fallen walls and beams .When an earthquake occurs, you have to find a triangle of space to escape from the earthquake .Many people do not understand the triangle, so they teach children like this! When an earthquake occurs, you can not do like this! 1、Shelter under the table ，bed or car 2、Crouch in the corner 3、Stand beside the doorThe right way !When the earthquake happens, you should do like this!Where is the survival triangle? If you have no time to leave the house，youd better hide in the bathroom which has lots of supports and small spaces.When you are in a car? People in the car will be injured by objects fallen from the buildings.Almost every car has a 3 feet high space next to it . You should get off the car, and sit or lie beside it.