专题十四 There be句型与主谓一致第二部分 语法专题突破命题点一 There be句型命题点二 主谓一致命题点一 There be句型There be句型的就近原则(2012年24题，2010年21题)“Therebesb./sth.地点状语”表示“某处有某人/某物”。be动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。如果主语部分是两个或两个以上的并列主语， be动词一般和邻近主语的人称和数保持一致。如：There is a book and two pencils on the desk. 书桌上有一本书和两支铅笔。“Therebesb./sth.地点状语”的否定式是在be动词后面加not, not any, no。如：There is no water in the bottle.瓶子里面没有水。There be句型的否定式There be句型的疑问式若变为一般疑问句, 则需要把be动词提到句首。如：Is there any water in the bottle？瓶子里有 一些水吗？其答语需首先回答Yes/No，然后是there be, be动词的形式与问句保持一致。如：Yes, there is. / No, there isnt. There will/is going to be将会有。如 ：There will be (There is going to be) a new film on Monday. 星期一将有一部新电影上 映。There used to be.过去有。如：There used to be several houses behind the two buildings. 过去这两栋楼后面有几座房子。There be句型的时态There have been.已经有。如：There have been a lot of accidents around here. 在这一带已经发生了多起事故。There is sb. doing.有某人正在做。如：There is a baby sleeping in the room.房间里有个婴儿正在睡觉。1. 我家附近有一个动物园。我喜欢和朋友在那里玩。_2. 篮子里有三个苹果和四根香蕉。 _There is a zoo near my house and I like playingThere are three apples and four bananas in the with my friends there.basket.3. 过去在我家后面有一条小河。_4. 明天早上没有人在家。_There used to be a small river behind myThere will be no one at home tomorrow morning.house.5. 你们班有多少个男生？_6. 书包里有五本书、两支钢笔和一把尺子。_7. 这附近有银行吗？_How many boys are there in your class? There are five books, two pens and a rulerIs there a bank near here?in the schoolbag.命题点二 主谓一致语法一致原则主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词也采用复数形式。单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时， 谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为名词或代词复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。如：What he said is very important for us all. 他说的话对我们所有人都很重要。由连接词and或both.and连接起来的并列主语后面， 谓语动词要用复数形式。如：The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. 男孩和女孩听到这个消息时都很惊讶。当主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等词时，谓语动词取决于主语的数。如：Everyone except Jim and Tim has a new book.除了吉姆和蒂姆外，每个人都有一本新书。either, neither, each, every 或no 单数名词， 以及由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Each of us has a new book. 我们每个人都有一本新书。意义一致原则所谓意义一致就是概念一致，谓语动词的形式要和主语所表达的概念一致。表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时， 谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 三十分钟对完成这份工作来说足够了。trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes等词作主语时， 谓语用复数， 但如果这些名词前有a/the pair of等量词修饰， 谓语动词用单数形式。如：The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 床下的这双鞋是他的。某些集体名词，如：family, class, govern-ment, group等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果侧重其中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His family is going to move to Beijing.他家将搬到北京去。The whole family are watching TV.全家人正在看电视。就近一致原则(2011年31题)谓语动词的单复数取决于与之最靠近的名词的单复数，这种原则叫作邻近原则，也叫作就近一致原则。由either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but (also)., not.but.或or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上 保持一致(2011年31题)。如：Neither you nor he has been to that city.你和他都不曾去过那个城市。There be和Here be句型中，be动词常与靠近它的主语在数上保持一致。如：There is an apple and three pears on the plate. 盘子里有一个苹果和三个梨。8. Fifty yuan _ (be) enough for me to buy this book.9. Both Peter and Lisa _ good at maths now.10. The number of the volunteers _ 100 now. areisis11. Not only my sister but also I _ become interested in the novel for a long time.12. Nobody except Tom and Mary _ in the classroom. The other students are watchingthe basketball game on the playground now. 13. There _ lots of people at the restaurant when I got there.haveiswere14. How many people are there in your group?Four. Three boys _ in our group this time.15. 做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。_16. 我和我弟弟都对这个电视节目不感兴趣。_areDoing eye exercises is good for your eyes.Neither My brother nor I am interested in this TV program.