宾宾 语语 从从 句句 The Object ClauseThe Object Clause1. I know him . 2. I know who he is . 主语谓语宾语（简单句）主语谓语宾 语 从 句引导词 从句主语 从句谓语 主 句（复合句 ）宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语 。句子结构：主句 + 引导词（连词）+ 宾语从句一、引导词（连词）一、引导词（连词）1. 1. 当宾语从句是当宾语从句是陈述句时陈述句时（包括（包括肯定句肯定句和和否定否定句句）, , 连词由连词由thatthat引导引导, , 因为因为thatthat在从句中不作在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中或非正式文体中常省略常省略。1. He said, “You are younger than I ”. 2. He says, “Tom is a good student ”. He said (that) I was younger than him. He says (that) Tom is a good student. 在主句为动词在主句为动词bebe加某些形容词（如加某些形容词（如sorry, sorry, sure, sure, afraid, afraid, gladglad等）作表语时，后等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略面所跟的省略thatthat的从句也可算是宾语从的从句也可算是宾语从句。句。vvIm sorryIm sorry (that)(that) I dont know .I dont know .vvWere sureWere sure (that)(that) our team will win .our team will win .vvIm afraidIm afraid (that)(that) he wont pass the exam .he wont pass the exam .注意:当句末为or not时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.如: I dont know whether it is going to rain or not.2. 2. 当宾语从句是当宾语从句是一般疑问句一般疑问句时，由连词时，由连词whetherwhether或或if if引导（口语中常用引导（口语中常用if if），），if/whetherif/whether翻译为：翻译为：“ “是否是否” ”，具有一定的意义，具有一定的意义，不能省略不能省略。 1. She said, “ Do you often come here early? ”2. “Will they go to visit the Great Wall?” he asked. She asked if/whether I often came here early. He asked if/whether they would go visit the Great Wall. 3. 3. 当宾语从句是当宾语从句是特殊疑问句特殊疑问句时，由时，由原特殊原特殊疑问词疑问词引导，因为特殊疑问词在从句中担引导，因为特殊疑问词在从句中担 任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所 以以不可以省略不可以省略。1. He asked, “Where do you live?”2. “How can we get to the post-office?” he asked. He asked where I lived. He asked how they could get to the post- office. 从 句 的 句 式引导词导词陈 述 句that一般疑问句if (whether)特殊疑问句特殊疑问词祈使句肯定句to+动词原形否定句not to+ 动词原形 He said to me, “Open the door, please!” He asked/told me to open the door.二、时态二、时态1. 1. 如果主句是如果主句是现在的时态现在的时态( (包括：包括：一般现在时一般现在时，现在进行时现在进行时, ,现在完成时）现在完成时）, ,从句的时态一般保从句的时态一般保持不变。持不变。he will ask Jim a question.I am a good friend.He says he isnt feeling well now.he came back last night.he has been here twice before.2. 2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要一致。一致。vv I I knewknew who who livedlived here. here. vv I I sawsaw she she was talkingwas talking with her mother. with her mother. vv He He askedasked whether his father whether his father would comewould comeback tomorrow. back tomorrow. vv He He saidsaid that he that he had seenhad seen it . it .主句时态从 句 时 态连 接 前连 接 后 一般现在时时态保持不变一般过去时一般现在时一般过去时 一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时 现在进行时过去进行时 现在完成时过去完成时注意：注意：当从句是客观真理、定义、公理、当从句是客观真理、定义、公理、定理时，用定理时，用一般现在时一般现在时。1. 1. The teacher The teacher saidsaid that the sun that the sun goes/travelsgoes/travels around the earth . around the earth .2. The teacher said the sun rises from the east and sets in the west . 3. The teacher said the light travels/runs faster than the sound. 4. The teacher said Japan is in the east of Asia . 三、语序三、语序宾语从句的语序用宾语从句的语序用陈述语序陈述语序：主句主句+ +引导词引导词+ +主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +其他其他1.陈述句基本不变 He said, “You are younger than I ”. He said (that) I was younger than him. He says (that) Tom is a good student. He says, “ Tom is a good student.” 2. 问句还原为陈述语序 1)be动词、情态动词及助动词(包括have/has) 放到从句主语之后; 2)助动词do /does/ did 应删去, 谓语动词根据 实际情况而变。1. Who is Jim waiting for ?I know2.Can Lily carry the basket ?I know3. Where did Anna go yesterday?I knowJim is waiting for.Lily can carry the basket.Anna went the day before.whowhether/ifwhere1. When will he go to the library? 1. When will he go to the library? His brother asksHis brother asks when when he will go tohe will go to the library . the library .His brother asksHis brother asks when when will he go towill he go to the library . the library . 2. What does he want to buy ?2. What does he want to buy ? I dont knowI dont know what what he wants tohe wants to buy . buy . I dont knowI dont know what what does he want todoes he want to buy . buy .3. Who are we going to meet ?3. Who are we going to meet ? Can you tell meCan you tell me who who we are going towe are going to meet ? meet ? Can you tell meCan you tell me who who are we going toare we going to meet ? meet ?4. Does he know French ?4. Does he know French ? We want to knowWe want to know if/whether if/whether he knowshe knows French . French . We want to knowWe want to know if/whether if/whether does he knowdoes he know French. French. 5. Will they go to Canada in summer ? 5. Will they go to Canada in summer ? They re not sureThey re not sure if /whether if /whether they will go tothey will go to Canada in summer . Canada in summer . They re not sureThey re not sure if /whether if /whether will they go towill they go to Canada in summer . Canada in summer . 1. 1. Did the students have a picnic lastDid the students have a picnic lastSunday? Do you know ? Sunday? Do you know ?2. 2. Mr. Mr. Smith Smith have have been been