Grammar and usageDo you know any job words? Use your body language to show the job word and ask your partner to guess.Revision Guessing in pairsLead inHong Kong _ to China in 1997.returnedMacao _ to China in 1999.returned Hong Kong _to China before Macao came back to China.had returnedThe simple past tense talks about a past action. When something happens at an even earlier time in the past, we use the past perfect tensePast perfect tensehad done-PresentPast(Monday)build a gardenclean the houseI _ the house before I _ a garden on Friday.had cleaned builtFriday The following is what I did last week.More examples of the Past perfect tense1. When we got to the station, the train had left. 2. By the end of last year, my brother had been a soldier for 10 years.3. Before Tony went to work, he had finished reading the novel. 4. Not until 10 years later did she know, the diamond she had borrowed was just made of glass. Hello!PresentPastWe hid the entrance to the tomb. Carter said they had hidden the entrance to the tomb. The past perfect tense used in indirect speech“We hid the entrance to the tomb. ”said Carter. Carter said that they had hidden the entrance to the tomb. Hello!More examples of the past perfect tense used in reporter speech1. Kate said, “I finished reading the comic book.” Kate said that she had finished reading the comic book. 2. Jimmy said, “I went to Asia two weeks ago.” Jimmy said that he had gone to Asia two weeks before. 3. “Did you stay up late last night?” Mr. Ben asked. Mr. Ben asked whether I had stayed up late the night before. The past perfect tense doesnt mean the past action happened a long time ago. I had done my homework this morning before I went to the museum. Antonio went swimming after he had reached home from work. Shylock had left the hotel when we got there. Time expressions often used with the past perfect tense.when, after, before, as soon as, until, since, by, for and alreadyThe structure of the past perfect tensehad done / had been done 1. I _ already _ Chinese for nearly 3 years before I came to this small town. (teach)2. I _ to come, but something happened. (mean)had had meanttaught3. Mess _ of the house before his parents came back. (Make)4. Little Tom _ to the hospital after Mum returned from work. (send) had been madehad been sentNotes about Amelia Earhart(1) had seen (2) moved(3) had, taken (4) had become(5)had met (6) started(7)had started (8)had, gonethe storyof The Titanic(1)surprised (2) spent (3) had wanted (4) had received(5) arrived (6) had hit(7) survived (8) had searched(9) used (10) had causedQuestionWhen will you use the present perfect tense?When will you use the past perfect tense?presentPresent perfect or past perfect?The present perfect tense is used when we are talking about a past event which relates to the present time. The past perfect tense is used when we are discussing the past and want to talk about an even earlier event.The inventor of paper(1) had failed (2) had tried(3) had heard (4) had caught(5) had shown高考链接 1. Upon entering the tomb, Carters lucky pet bird, which he had left in Cairo. (P48)考点 过去完成时主要用来表示在过去某个时间或动作之前发生的事或动作，通常与一般过去时连用。考例1 John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it _ seriously. (2009 上海春) A. damagedB. was being damaged C. had damagedD. had been damaged 点拨 had to是关键信息词。“不得不修” 发生在过去，“损坏”应该发生在“不得不 修”之前，故要用过去完成时；而car和 damage之间应是被动关系，故选D项。考例2 The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ placed under the Ministers car. (广东2010) A.has been B. was being C. had been D. would be点拨 句意：突然，那位警察的目光被放在部长车子下面的一个小盒子吸引住 了。句中was caught是关键信息词。 which _ placed under . 是定语从句，其谓语所表示的动作发生在主句谓语 所表示的动作was caught之前，所以要用过去完成时。2. I had done my homework this morning before I went to the museum. (P48) 考点 过去完成时可以表示在过去的两个动作或事件中，其中一个先于另一个 发生。常用于过去完成时的表示时间的 词语有when, after, before，as soon as, until, since, by, for和already等。考例1 They became friends again that day. Until then, they _ to each other for nearly two years. (安徽2010) A.didnt speak B. hadnt spoken C. havent spoken D. havent been speaking点拨 句意：那天他们又成了朋友。在那之前，他们有近两年时间没说过话。 句中became friends是关键信息词，“两 年没说话”发生在“又成为朋友”之前，是过去的过去发生的动作，因此要用过 去完成时。考例2 He _ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15. (北京2010) A.has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned 点拨 句意：当他15岁那年上大学时已经 学了5000多个英语单词。句中entered是 关键信息词。既然“上大学”已经是过去的 事情，而“学会5000单词”应是在他“上大 学”之前的事，所以要用过去完成时。Practice1. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _ when he _ at the party. A. left; had arrived B. left; arrived C. had left; had arrived D. had left; arrive