艺术系大学英语A级考试翻译专题讲座华南师范大学增城学院外语系 主讲教师：江文静Business English TranslationLearning objective: Understand what is literal translation. Understand what is free translation. How to apply practical skills to business english translation.Business English TranslationWhat is translation? Translation is about communication process of information and emotion through cross- language and cross -culture. Translation process : Translation has four important elements that we should pay attention. It includes language transfer, information transfer, understanding transfer, and culture transfer. What is literal translation? Literal translation means ： -“ not to alter the original words and sentences.” -“To keep the sentiments and styles of the original.”Business English TranslationFor examples:1 Crocodiles tears 鳄鱼的眼泪 2 Armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿 3 Chain reaction 连锁反应 4 Gentlemens agreement 君子协定 5 Paper Tiger 纸老虎 6 One country, two systems 一国两制Solutions suitable for literal translationA: total equivalents 1. to keep the room clean and tidy保持房间清洁 2. to enrich cultural life 丰富文化生活 3. under such circumstances 在这种情况下 4. to fish in troubled water 浑水摸鱼 5. to add fuel to the fire火上加油 6. to break the record打破记录 7. a gentlemans agreement君子协定 8. Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水 9 Revolution emancipates productive forces, so does reform. 革命是解放生产力，改革也是解放生产力。Solutions suitable for literal translationB:Though the expressions in two languages are different, we can find the equivalents in the tone of the both languages. 1Partly as a result of the recently increasing demand, wholesale tea prices have almost doubled. 部分由于日益增长的需求，批发茶价格几乎翻了一 番2. I read this letter with both surprise and excitement, surprise because he is still around, excitement because he didnt even forget me. 我读到他的信时即惊又喜，惊的是他还健在，喜的 是他一直没有忘记我Business English TranslationWhat is free translation? Free translation is an alternative approach which is used mainly to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech. This approach is most frequently adopted when it is really impossible for the translator to do literal translation. Business English TranslationFor examples: 1) Adams apple 喉结 2) at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟 3) It rains cats and dogs (elephants and whales). 大雨滂沱 4) Dont cross the bridge till you get to it. 不必担心过早 5) Do you see any green in my eye? 你以为我是幼稚可欺 的吗？ 6) a nuclear family 小家庭 7) It was an old and ragged moon. 这是一弯下炫残月 8) Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market. 昨夜我听到他鼾声如雷9) He is being a good boy now. 他现在正乖着呢。10) They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them. 他们拼命奔逃，连吃奶的力气都用上了。Business English Translation11) Justice has long arms. 天网恢恢，疏而不漏。12) Their language was almost unrestrained by any motive of prudence. 他们几乎爱讲什么就讲什么，都 没有顾及到谨慎不谨慎的问题。13) The talk about raising taxes was a red flag to many voters.关于增税的谈论激怒了许多选民。14) Will a duck swim? 当然了，那还用说吗？15) And the shell burst into a million new copies. 炮弹炸成了无数碎片。 16) She knew I knew and she knew if she got funny Id either ruin the romance or make her marry him, so she was very friendly. 她知道我知道她和他的事，她也明白她要是跟我过不去， 破坏或成全他们全在我的一念之间。所以 她对我很客 气。Business English TranslationPrinciples of translation: Faithfulness, expressiveness, elegant propsed in 1898（信达雅）- 严复 Accurate, smooth, quick （准顺快）-方凡泉 Faithful, fluent, quick （忠实通顺及时）- 仲伟合Business English TranslationMost three skills that we should master during translation: 1 Key words 关键词 2 Sentence grammar 句子语法 3 Sentence environment 句子语境 4 Paragraph fluency 段落流畅性Translation ExercisesExercise one: New ideas are an old tradition at Siemens. The company that grew out of the original Siemens the term has no implications of high development. Therefore, Learning a language is a kind of learning the culture and the habit of the country where the language is spoken.Culture and Translation 文化的大致分类 根据美国翻译理论家尤金奈达的分类， 文化大致可分为五类： 1) Ecology 生态学 2) Material Culture 物质文化 3) Social Culture 社会文化 4) Religious Culture 宗教文化 5) Linguistic Culture 语言文化Culture and Translation 8. 2. 2 中英文化差异各种表现形式 1) 习语方面的差异： a) 惊弓之鸟 / 谈虎色变 ：A burnt child dreads fire.b) 意外之财 / 一笔横财 ：a financial windfall c) 急风知劲草 ：A friend in need is a friend indeed. d) 千里鹅毛 ：A gift is cheap, but love is dear. e) 钱能通神 ：A golden hammer breaks an iron door.f) 小不忍则乱大谋 ：A handful of patience is worth more than a bushel of brains. g) 星星之火可以燎原 ：A little leak will sink a great ship. h) 量小非君子 ：A little pot will soon be hot. i) 虎父虎子 ：A wise goose never laid a tame egg. j) 上行下效 ：As the old cock crows, the young one learns. Culture and Translation 2) 谚语方面的差异：a) 小洞不补,大洞吃苦 ：A stitch in time saves nine. b) 新官上任三把火 ：A new broom sweeps clean. c) 一瓶不响,半瓶响叮 当 ：An empty wagon makes the most noise.d) 冰冻三尺非一日之寒 : An oak is not felled at one stroke. / Rome was not built in a day.e) 肉包 子打狗一去不回头 : A dog given a bone who doesnt come back for more.f) 脱裤子放屁 多此一举 : To