主 从 复 合 句定语从句 （Attributive Clause）名词性从句（Noun Clause ）状语从句（Adverbial Clause）主从复合句主从复合句: :关系代词：关系副词：that （主、宾、表；可指人或物）which（主、宾、表、定；只指物）who （主、宾；只指人）whom （宾；只指人） whose（定；可指人或物） as （主、宾、表） but（主、宾） when （时间状语）where （地点状语）why （原因状语）定语从句 （Attributive Clause）as的用法:1. 引导非限制性定语从句, 其先行词多为整个主句; as位置 比较灵活, 可位于主句前或主句后，还可以插入主句中。Eg.) As we all know (=_ ), smoking does harm to health.=Smoking does harm to health, as we all know.=Smoking, as we all know, does harm to health.= _ is known to all _ smoking does harm to health.As is known to allItthat2. 若先行词前有_ 作修饰语, 通常用 as 作关系代词。Eg.) Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem _ none of us worked out. Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an exam problem _ none of us worked it out.You should give the watch to Lily. This watch is the same _ she lost yesterday.Im going to buy the same watch _ he bought the other day. ( that; as; which; like )the same, so, suchasthatthatasit“介词+关系词 ” 引导定语从句:Eg.) The palace _ I often pay a visit dates from the 17th century.The students, most _ are from the north, are not used to the winter in Shanghai.We all stood on the top of the high building, _ we could see the whole city.A. to which B. from that C. from where D. which to whichof whom介词的选择: 一看先行词; 二看与从句谓语动词的搭配; 三看整个句子的意思.关系代词作定语 ：例: He wont want to eat it unless hes really hungry, in _ case hell eat almost anything. A. what B. that C. whose D. whichEg.) Tom spent four years in college, during _ time he learned French. I called him by the wrong name, for _ mistake I should apologize. A mental patient is one _ mind is diseased.The students are working hard at English, _ _ _ _ is known to all.whichwhichwhosewhoseimportanceimportance/ the importance of which / of which the判断关系代词和关系副词:Eg.) I still remember the day _ / _ _ we first met.Ill never forget the day _ we spent together.That is the reason _ he explained to us for his action.The reason _ / _ _ he was fired was _ ( because, that ) he was careless.I like to take my vacation in the mountain, _ is quiet and beautiful.I like to take my vacation in the mountain, _ there are many plants.whenon which (that/which)(that/which)whyfor which thatwhichwhereIs there a bus stop around which I can take a No. 3 bus?_whereEg.) You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. (NMET 2004)A. why B. where C. what D. howwhere 用法知多少:Where bees are, there is honey. ._ others are weak, he is strong. Its none of your business where I spend my vacation.地点状语 从句名词性从句Ex.) Finally we reached _ was once an old temple _ the villagers used as a school. A. where; that B.what; where C. what; which D. there; whichWhere名词性从句（Noun Clause）主语从句 （Subject Clause）表语从句 ( Predicative Clause)宾语从句 （Object Clause）同位语从句 （Appositive Clause）Noun clause:1. We all have a firm belief that hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence.2. Women are playing an important role in what used to be considered “mens territory”.3. Did it ever occur to you that we should move to a warm climate?4. Thats where a change is needed.that hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence.what used to be considered “mens territory”that we should move to a warm climatewhere a change is needed同位语从句同位语从句主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句宾语从句宾语从句从句必须使用陈述 语序名词性从句中的“that”Eg.) It happened that it was raining heavily.I wish that she would understand me.The reason was that he felt unwell.The news that we have been invited to the conference is encouraging. (比较: The news that he heard is a rumor.)There is no doubt that he is an excellent scholar.Word came that he would arrive late.同位语从句:Eg.) He told me that he enjoyed his stay here and he wanted to settle down.We took it for granted the expenses would be low.I promised if anyone come to set me free, I would make him king over the earth.They told me once again this would never happen again.he never did such a thing I simply cant believe.在名词性从句中, 我们要掌握that的三个要点: 1. 无词义; 2. 在从句中不作任何成分; 3. 可省略或不可省略的情况。1. 在_ 从句中, that一般均不可以省略 。thatThatthatthatthat2. 在宾语从句中主语、表语和同位语, 在下列情况中that不可以省略：what从句的功能 :Eg.) I dont understand ( ) all he has said mean.( ) was once regarded impossible has become a reality.Our hometown is not ( ) it used to be. I have no idea ( ) we should do next.Years of hard work made her ( ) she is now.After years of hard work, she was made ( ) sheis now.whatwhatWhatwhatwhatwhatOur hometown is not what it used to be.= Our hometown is not the same _ it used to be.= Our hometown is different from _ it used to be.= Our hometown is not the one _ it used to be.aswhat