浸水式杀菌锅浸水式杀菌锅Daniel Geffin 摩洛哥 2009.01WATER WATER IMMERSION IMMERSION RETORTSRETORTSDaniel Geffin Morocco January 2009浸水式灭菌锅浸水式灭菌锅包括两部分：水平部分和垂直部分 优点：可以对大部分刚性、半刚性和柔韧性较 好的包装进行超压处理，这些包装包括双层 玻璃杯或塑料杯、塑料复合袋、塑料瓶、塑 料托盘和顶端用金属包装的杯子等。Water Immersion RetortsThere are two basic types horizontal and vertical. The advantages can process with overpressure, which allows use of the full range of rigid, semi-rigid and flexible packages. These include glass, plastic cups with double seams, laminate pouches, plastic bottles, plastic trays and cups with laminate foil tops, etc 水平式浸水灭菌锅外观上类似于水平静止型蒸汽灭菌锅，食品容器首先放 进货箱、行李架或筐里，然后再放进灭菌锅中. Horizontal Water Immersion RetortsAre very similar in appearance to a horizontal still steam retort. Food containers are loaded into crates/racks/baskets which are wheeled into the retort. 垂直式灭菌锅食品容器放入灭菌锅内置箱 ，利用上方的一个机械提升 机放进灭菌锅内；利用此灭 菌锅处理的大部分容器是密 封的玻璃瓶. 但最近利用其 他容器的也在增多。VERTICAL WATER IMMERSION RETORTFood containers are loaded into retort crates and lowered into the retort utilizing an overhead mechanical hoist. The most common container processed in water immersion retorts is glass bottles with screw on closures. However, recently use of other new container types has increased.附表不能显示容器(Diagrams that follow will not show containers)水平型浸水式灭菌锅HORZONTAL WATER IMMERSION RETORT垂直型浸水式灭菌锅顶端门密封，容器中充满水。VERTICAL WATER IMMERSION RETORTTHE DOOR ON TOP IS CLOSED AND THE RETORT IS FILLED WITH WATER水平型浸水式灭菌锅装置末端门密封后，容器加满水。HORIZONTAL WATER IMMERSION RETORT PLUMBINGTHE DOOR ON THE END IS CLOSED AND THE RETORT IS FILLED WITH WATER垂直型浸水式灭菌锅装置容器加满水. (监测水温应高于最低限的初水温)VERTICAL WATER IMMERSION RETORT PLUMBINGTHE RETORT IS FILLED WITH WATER. (Water temperature should be monitored to be above the minimum initial temperature.)水平型浸水式灭菌锅装置容器充满水 (监测水温应高于最低限的初水温)HORIZONTAL WATER IMMERSION RETORT PLUMBINGTHE RETORT IS FILLED WITH WATER. (Water temperature should be monitored to be above the minimum initial temperature.)蒸汽和高压气体通过蒸汽散步管传输进入灭菌锅. 高压 气体通过蒸汽控制阀打开后进入蒸汽管道. PRESSURIZED AIRSTEAM如果操作正确 的话，本系统 可以保证充分 的水循环从而 使热传递均匀.PRESSURIZED AIR垂直型浸水式灭菌锅装置VERTICAL WATER IMMERSION RETORT Steam and pressurized air can be delivered to the retort through spreaders. Pressurized air is fed into the steam line after the steam controller. PRESSURIZED AIRSTEAMThis system can provide sufficient circulation to the water to distribute the heat evenly, if done correctly.PRESSURIZED AIR垂直型浸水式灭菌锅装置PRESSURIZED AIRSTEAMPRESSURIZED AIR在这些水浸水灭菌锅中， 循环是通过气体进入蒸汽管道，装置箱的设计与 放置也至关重要，这对冷凝水回到灭菌锅的底部来讲,肯定也是一条途径.VERTICAL WATER IMMERSION RETORTPRESSURIZED AIRSTEAMPRESSURIZED AIRIN THESE WATER IMMERSION RETORTS, WHERE CIRCULATION IS ACHIEVED BY INTRODUCTION OF AIR INTO THE STEAM FLOW, CRATE DESIGN AND CRATE PLACEMENT ARE CRITICAL. THERE MUST BE A PATH FOR THE COOLER WATER TO RETURN TO THE BOTTOM OF THE RETORT.垂直型浸水式灭菌锅装置蒸汽如果蒸汽的传输没有高压气体加入到蒸汽管中，那整个循环是通过灭菌锅顶 末端的可以用来水交换的水泵可以完成.抽吸口 水散布管PRESSURIZED AIR管道与循环路线蒸汽散布管VERTICAL WATER IMMERSION RETORT PLUMBINGSTEAMIF STEAM IS DELIVERED WITHOUT ANY PRESSURIZED AIR ADDED TO THE STEAM FLOW, THEN CIRCULATION IS ACHIEVED THROUGH A WATER PUMP WHICH EXCHANGES WATER BETWEEN THE TOP AND BOTTOM OF THE RETORT.SUCTION PORTWATER SPREADERPRESSURIZED AIRPUMP AND RECIRCULATION CIRCUITSTEAM SPREADER水平型浸水式灭菌锅装置几乎所有的水平型浸水式灭菌锅都需要一个管道来确保相同的热分布进入到管道中. 水散布管水散布管PRESSURIZED AIR管道与循环路线抽吸口蒸汽蒸汽散布管蒸汽散布管HORIZONTAL WATER IMMERSION RETORT PLUMBINGALMOST ALL HORIZONTAL WATER IMMERSION RETORTS REQUIRE A PUMP TO ASSURE UNIFORM HEAT DISTRIBUTION INSIDE THE VESSEL. WATER SPREADERWATER SPREADERPRESSURIZED AIRPUMP AND RECIRCULATION CIRCUITSUCTION PORTSTEAMSTEAM SPREADERSTEAM SPREADER法律要求蒸汽通过灭菌锅底部进入容器，是以通过灭菌锅 能充分提供相同热分布的方式来实现的。THE LEGAL REQUIREMENTSSteam shall be introduced in the bottom of the retort in a manner adequate to provide uniform heat distribution throughout the retort.法律要求在垂直式的灭菌锅中,统一的热分布可以通过其 他的方法来实现. (气体进入到蒸汽或者循环管 道中)在水平式的灭菌锅中, 蒸汽散步器沿着管道上部 均匀分布的齿孔运行到灭菌锅低端的每一节.THE LEGAL REQUIREMENTSIn vertical retorts, uniform heat distribution can be achieved by any of several methods. (Air injection into the steam or circulating pumps)In horizontal retorts, the steam distributor (spreader) shall run the length of the bottom of the retort with perforations distributed uniformly along the upper part of the pipe.法律要求当水循环系统用作热传递时，可以通过这样一 种方式来安装： 水通过抽吸集合管来引流至灭 菌锅的底部，通过延伸至灭菌锅顶端一个散布 管来进行排出。THE LEGAL REQUIREMENTSWhen a water circulating system is used for heat distribution, it shall be installed in such a manner that water will be drawn from the bottom of the retort through a suction manifold and discharged through a spreader which extends the length of the top of the retort.法律要求水散布管上孔分布均匀，且有一个不小于管道 输出线横截面的密集区。抽吸口应当用非堵塞的纱窗来防护以防止一些 碎片进入循环系统。THE LEGAL REQUIREMENTSThe holes in the water spreader shall be uniformly distributed and should have an aggregate area not greater than the cross- section area of the outlet line from the pump. The suction outlets should be protected with nonclogging sc