INVERSION （倒装）英语句子的自然语序是“主语 + 谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序被称为“倒装”。谓语全部放在主语之前，为全部倒装；只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，为部分倒装。 倒装的原因，一是语法结构的需要（如某些疑问句）；二是为了强调。1.there be句型, 其中be动词有时可用live, stand, lie等词代替。(全部倒装）There is an experienced teacher and many lovely students upstairs.2.方位词in, out, there, here, inside, outside, up, down, away, off, downstairs, upstairs等 以及now, then放在句首时，并且句子的主 语是名词。（全部倒装） Away flew the bird which I bought yesterday. Upstairs hurried Mike with a book in his hand.3.为了平衡句子结构的需要，或为了强调状语（常为介词短语），或为了使上下文紧密衔接时。 （ 全部倒装） 1) Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens. 2) Nearby were the canoes in which they had come to the island. 3)Yesterday we climbed up the mountain, at the bottom of which stood an old temple. The soldiers arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.4.把so / neither, nor ,no more放在句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人或东西。其结构是“so + be/情态动词/助动词 + 主语”；“neither (nor) + be/情态动词/助动词 + 主语”。（全部倒装） 1)My mother went traveling this summer. So did I. 2)Simon has joined the school football team; so have the boys from our class. 3)She cant work out the math problem. Nor can I. 4)Karl Max was born in Germany and he knew several foreign languages. So it was with Engles.5.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，有时用 倒装。（全部倒装） “Whats up, Tom?” asked Mother. “Do you know the Chinese for dedicate?” said the teacher.6.用于疑问句。（部分倒装） Shall everything be ready before you arrive? 7.only + 状语（副词、介词短语、状语从句）放在句首时。 （部分倒装） 1)Only then did I realize the value of reading aloud every morning. 2)Only by means of talking can we avoid misunderstanding each other. 3)Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get back to work.8.“so /such +表语/状语 + that从句”结构中的so 或 such引导的表语/状语放在句首时。（部分倒装） 1）So frightened was she in the darkness that she didnt dare to move at all.2）So hurriedly did she leave that she forgot to switch off the lights.3）Such a lovely child is he that all of us love him.9.含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首，如 hardly, rarely, seldom, scarcely, barely, never, not, few, little, neither, nor, not only, hardlywhen, not once, never before, in no case, at no time, by no means, no soonerthan, many a time, often等。 （部分倒装） 1)Not until the 19th century was the written examination probably known. 2)Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started. 3)Not a single mistake did he make.10.用于省略if的虚拟条件从句中，should / were / had 被放在句首。（部分倒装） 1)Had I adopted my class teachers advice, I would not have made such a serious mistake. 2)Were she you, she would tell her parents the truth.11.用于as引导的让步状语从句中（特殊倒装） 1)Proud as they are, they are afraid to see us. 2)Child as he is, he knows a lot.( Small child as he is, he knows a lot.) 3)Hard as he worked, he failed to pass the test. 4)Try as you may, you cant persuade her to adopt your advice.12.用于表示祝愿和祝福之类的句子中（部分倒装或全部倒装） 1）May you succeed / be happy!2) God bless you!3) Long live the Peoples Republic of China!Exercises: 1.Not until all the fish died in the river_ how serious the pollution was.A.did the villagers realize B.the villagers realizeC.the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize 2.It was not until 1920_ regular radio broadcasts began.A.while B.which C.that D.since 3.I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life_ so happy.A.did I feel B.I felt C.I had felt D.had I felt4._ can you expect to get a pay rise.A.With hard work B.Although work hardC.Only with hard work D.Now that he works hard 5.Now_ Sallys turn to keep guard.A.there is B.is going C.has come D.comes 6.Not only_ polluted but_ crowded.A.was the city; were the streetsB.the city was; were the streetsC.was the city; the streets wereD.the city was; the streets were7.So_ that no fish can live in it.A.the lake is shallow B.shallow the lake isC.shallow is the lake D.is the lake shallow 8.Little_ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.A.does he care B.did he careC.he cares D.he cared 9.Was it in 1969_ the American astronaut succeeded _ landing on the moon.A.when; on B.that; on C.when; in D.that; in10._ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.A.If it is not B.Were it notC.Had it not been D.If they were not 11.-David has made great progress recently.-_, and_ .A.So he has; so you have B.So he has; so have youC.So has he; so have you D.So has he; so you have