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第二篇第二篇 句法句法状语从句复习要点 1.时间状语从句 2. 条件状语语从句 3. 比较较状语语从句 4. 结结果状语语从句 5. 原因状语语从句 6. 目的状语从句 7. 让让步状语语从句 8.方式状语从句 9. 地点状语从句The Adverbial Clause 状语从句状语从句是副词性从句,其句法功能是修饰谓语或整个句子 等,在句中作状语,通常由从属连词引导。状语从句不仅是初中英语学习的重点,而且也是每年中考必 考的内容之一。命题主要集中在引导状语从句的连词、状语从句 的时态等方面;从九大状语从句来看,应将复习重点放在时间状 语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句和比较状语从句这四种上 。1.时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词有:while, when, as, as soon as, till, until, notuntil, before, after, since, etc 1)when,while,as 三者均可表示“当的时候”,如果主句表示的是短暂的动 作,而从句表示的是一段时间,三者可通用。如: I met Kang Li as when while I was walking along the street as 和when都可与终止性动词连用, while只能与延续性动 词连用。如: It was snowing when we got to the airport (不能用 while) as强调主句与从句表示的动作同时发生;while强调主句表 示的动作持续于while所指的整个时间内;when可指主、从 句所述动作同时或先后发生。如: He sang as he went along Please write while I read When he reached home, he had a little rest难点链接2) before, after before表示主句发发生的动动作发发生在从句动动作之前,意为为“在之 前”。 after表示主句发发生的动动作发发生在从句动动作之后,意为为 “在 之后”。如 : They had already had breakfast before they went to school They talked about the party after the people left. 3) until, till until和till在肯定句中表示“直到为为止”,主句要用延续续性动词动词 ;在否定句中 ,表示“直到才”,主句常用终终止性动词动词 ,这时这时 till和until可用 before替换换。如: I waited till until he arrived I will wait until he comes. We wont start until till before Bob comes 4) as soon as 表示主句发发生的动动作发发生在从句动动作之后, 意为为“一就”。如果主句是 一般将来时时,情态动词态动词 加动词动词 原形或祈使句时时,时间时间 状语语从句用一般现现在 时时。如: My brother went out as soon as I got home. Ill phone you as soon as I arrive in Tonghua 5)since:表示 “自从以来”,从句中常用过过去时时,主句用一般现现在时时或现现在完成时时. (对对since 引导导的时间时间 状语语提问问要用how long).如:Where have you been since I saw you last?难点链接时间状语从句中较难掌握的几点: until (till) 直到,在用 until 表达时间状语的句子中,主句中的动词是要十 分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词,它要用肯定句,如: I studied hard until 12 oclock last night. 如果动词是瞬间截止性动词,则要用否定句,如: He didnt go to bed until his mother came back 由since, for, by, before 来引导的时间状语从句。 since 引导的时间状 语是动作的开始时间,如: I have studied English since 1990. 而由 by 引导的 时间状语通常是动作的结束时间,如: I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term.而before 则多用于完成时, ago 则多用于一般过去时,如: He had finished his work before twelve yesterday I left my hometown two years ago 在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用 一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,如: If it rains, they wont go to the park on Sunday 也可以主句是一般过去时,从句用过去将来时,如: He said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park 考试中常见的考点有:要学生 区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句,因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用 什么时态,如: I want to know if he will come here tomorrow 在宾语从句中 的条件状语从句与主句的关系,如: I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow难点链接注意: 在时间状语从句中,主句和从句之间的时态应按下列规律确定。1)主句一般将来时,从句用一般现在时(特别是用 as soon as 引导从句时 ):The boy will be a writer when he grows up. Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York.2) 主句含有情态动词,从句用一般现在时:When the lights are red, the traffic must stop.3) 主句为祈使句时,从句用一般现在时:Please dont go to bed before you finish your homework.4) 主句为一般过去时,从句也用过去时态: I liked reading when I was young. 5)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里,如果主句用肯定式 ,其含义是“一直到时”,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式 ,其含义是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。 例如: The young man read till the light went out. Lets wait until the rain stops. We wont start until Bob comes. Dont get off until the bus stops.难点链接2. 条件状语语从句 1)引导导条件状语语从句的连词连词 有if(如果)、unless(除非)等,条件状语语从 句也像时间时间 状语语从句一样样,如果主句用将来时时,从句要用现现在时时代替将来 时时。如:What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? Dont leave the building unless I tell you to. 2) unless在意义义上相当于ifnot。 You will fail unless you study hardYou will fail if you dont study hard 3) “祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带带有条件状语语从句的复 合句。其中,and表示句意顺顺承;or表示转转折,意为为“否则则”。例如: Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late.Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 4)用介词词with, without可以把条件状语语从句改写成简单简单 句:If there is no water, the fish may die. = Fish may die without water.If you help me, Ill finish my task on time. = With your help, Ill finish my task on time.难点链接3. 比较较状语语从句 比较状语从句通常由asas, 比较级 + than等连词引导,比较连词前后的 结构要一致。例如: Tom runs faster than John does. This classroom is as big as that one. 1)表示甲与乙在某一方面相同时,用“as原级as”句型;表示甲在某一 方面不如乙时,用“not as so 原级as”句型。如: Dalian is as beautiful as Shenzhen I dont run as so fast as Kang Li 2)表示甲超过或不及乙时,用“比较级从句”(从句中常省略意义与主句 相同的部分)。 He runs faster than you(do) Today is less cold than yesterday 3)要注意的是表示“越来越“这一概念时有两个句型: 比较级and比较级,如: The days are getting longer and longer The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful 定冠词 the 比较级 the 比较级,如: The harder you study, the more you can learn难点链接4. 结结果状语语从句 (1)结果状语从句由sothat, suchthat, so that引导。常用句型有: so形容词副词that从句 such a an 形容词单数可数名词 that从句 such形容词复数可数名词不可数名词that从句 so形容词a an单数可数名词that从句 例如: He spoke so fast that I couldnt follow him He told us such funny stories that we all laughed He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for his son. She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her. My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldnt see it. (2)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时,只能用so, 不用such 。 例如: Soon there were so many deer that they ate
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