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独立主格-ing和过去分词在句中都要有逻辑主语,如:Standing in the front of the classroom,I feel nervous.Criticized by the teacher , I feel depressed.但有时它们在句中找不到自己的逻辑主语,而它们一定 要有逻辑主语,这时它们的逻辑主语就和句子的主语不 一致了,如:Standing in the front of the classroom,my legs are shaking.I standing in the front of the classroom,my legs are shaking.这就构成了独立的主语,一般为名词或代词,位于-ing和 过去分词之前,和-ing或过去分词构成独立主格。独立主 格在句中一般只作状语,而-ing和过去分词用哪种形式, 则要根据它们的逻辑主语和其所表示的动作的主被动关 系来定如:The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. The work having been finished, she sat down to have a rest. 注意:独立主格中的being或having been常可省去,如 :The meeting (being) over, all left the room. 另外:独立主格可用with复合结构来代替,其实,独立 主格前加上with就构成with复合结构,with复合结构去 掉with就构成独立主格。She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks. 独立主格She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks. with复合结构独立主格结构的构成: 名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词 1 The test finished, we began our holiday. 2 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 名词(代词)+形容词 3 He came into the room, his ears red with cold.名词(代词) +介词短语构成 4 He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.1._,we went home. A. Our homework finished B. Our homework having been finished C. Our homework finishing D. Our homework been finished 2.Time _,we shall visit the zoo. A.been permitting, B. permitting C. permitted D. having been permitted 3 _, he put on his coat. A. It being cold B. It is cold C. Being cold D. It having been cold典型例题: Weather_, well go out for a walk.A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting 本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号,且we 小写,可知不是两个简单句。 可以断定,本句使用的是独立主格, 其结构为:名词+ 分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为天气允许,表主动,用 现在分词,故选B。注意,可将此句改为条件句,即If weather permits, well go out for a walk. 看一看 1 The test finished, we began our holiday.= Because/After the test was finished, we began our holiday.2 This done, we went home. = Because/After this had been done , we went home.
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