第五节 文体有“四季”之别（）Page 300-307流程l1.文体的标志l2.学习文体的目的l3.如何把握文体（五个例句分析）l4.小结措辞l文体的最显著的标志是措辞，措辞的文雅粗俗 ，能够最直接最触目地让读者感受到文体的档 次和归属。l试比较：lExpectoration is forbidden!lPlease dont spit!句型l文体的另一个重要的标志是句型。在英语学习 中，我们往往更多地从措辞去判断行文的文体 ，而不善于从句型去品味文体的色彩，藻丽与 平实、繁丰与简洁、庄重与通俗，等等。例句1（page303）lThis anyone can see who has studied English for more than five years. lSo long as one has studied English for more than five years, he can see this. Exercise1(A)l门一开，呼地一声跑进来一群穿着各式各样化 装衣服的孩子。l译文A. The door opened and in came a troop of children in all sorts of fancy dresses. l译文B. The door opened and a troop of children in all sorts of fancy dresses came in.Exercise1(B)l我没有金和银。l译文 A Silver and gold have I none. l译文 B I have neither silver nor gold. (Literary ) (Colloquial )例句2lGive him an inch and hell take a yard. l(Literary)lIf you give him an inch, hell take a yard. l(Colloquial)l祈使句代替条件状语从句Exercise2(A)l如果下雨，我们怎么办？l译文A. Suppose it rains, what shall we do?l(literary)l译文B. If we suppose it rains, what shall we do?(Colloquial)Exercise2(B)l放任傻瓜，等于害他。l译文 Give a fool rope enough and he will hang himself.l译文B If you give a fool rope enough and he will hang himself. (Literary )(Colloquial)例句3lI have a daughter. She is a teacher.l(Colloquial)lI have a daughter, who is a teacher. l(Literary)l非限制性定语从句的使用Exercise3(A)l她准备到青岛去过暑假，那里有她一些亲戚。l译文A. She is going to spend the summer holidays in Qingdao, where she has some relatives.l译文B. She is going to spend the summer holidays in Qingdao; she has some relatives there.Exercise3(B)l他常常聚精会神地做工作，这时，他会废寝忘 食。l译文A When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping.l译文When deeply absorbed in work, he would often forget all about eating and sleeping.(Very formal)(Colloquial)l注意：l1. 当限制性的定语从句置于句中时，其书卷气 则陡增。（书本Page305）l2.有as引导的定语从句也往往显得比较正式， 特别是当as表示“这一事实，那一情况”时。 （书本Page305)例句4lIts hoped that you will have a chance to visit Shanghai again. l(Formal)lI hope youll visit Shanghai again.l (Informal)l英语被动语态的重要表意功能之一是礼貌和圆 通。“礼多”就显得正式。Exercise4(A)l不找向导到那里去是不明智的。l译文A. It would be considered unwise your going there without a guide.l (Literary)l译文B. You are unwise to go there without a guide.l (Colloquial)l注意：英语中的双重被动句的“书卷气”更加浓重。 （书本Page306）Exercise4(B)l估计日期不久就会宣布。l译文A The date is excepted to be announced soon.l译文B The date will be announced soon.(Formal)(Less formal)例句5lYou may put the meeting off for a couple of days. l(Informal)lYou might as well put the meeting off for a couple of days. l(formal)l虚拟语气可以用来传递一份婉转和礼貌。l在表示祝愿的句子中，用虚拟语气显得庄重和 正式。l旅途快乐！l译文A. May you have a good journey!l(Formal)l译文B. Well, have a good journey! l(Colloquial)Exercise5(A)l下次请早点来。l译文A. Come here a little earlier next time.l(Informal)l译文B. Could you come a little earlier next time? l(Formal)Exercise5(B)l这样做效果也许会更好些。l译文A You can get better results this way.l(Informal)l译文B Perhaps you could get better results this way.(Formal)Conclusionl措辞l倒装句、祈使句、非限制性定语从句、被动语 态、虚拟语气的使用能使文体变得比较正式和 庄重。