International EconomyProtectionism By:ExamplevThe United States steel import restrictions of “201“ clause in March 2002, 20, was set up. Steel protection ultimately relief programmes of the United States “ section 201 “ provisions on imports such as steel, long the main iron and steel, the implementation of a 3 - year tariff quota or tariff that added up to 8-30. This is by far the United States on imported steel imposed by the most serious in the history of trade restrictions.v美国限制钢铁进口的“201条款”2002年03月 20日正式启动。美国的钢铁保护最终救济方 案即“201条款”规定，对钢材、长板等进口的 主要钢铁品种，实施为期3年的关税配额限制 或加征高达8%30%不等的关税。这是迄今 为止美国历史上对进口钢铁施加的最严重的 一次贸易限制。 brief introductionvSection 201 of the United States is the subject of “ damaged by imports of the positive adjustment of the industry “. This provision authorizes the President but excessive foreign countries fair competition, by foreign imports of the same industry and cause damage to the industry through the appropriate relief measures to prevent or remedy the damage and to facilitate domestic industry the necessary adjustments. v美国201条款的主题是“受进口损害的产业的 积极调整”。该条款授权总统在国家面对公平 但却过度的外国竞争，受到国外相同产业的 大量进口而给本行业造成损害之时采取适当 的救济措施以防止或补救损害并便利国内产 业必要的调整。Flaws vReferred to in paragraph 201 of the US Congress “ damage “ and “ threat “ does not give a definition, just providing some parameters, such as serious idle industrial facilities, and each Member of the Committee are free to determine in each case the definition. Is a kind of trade protection measures. 不足之处v美国国会对于201条款中提及的“损害”以及“威 胁”并未给出界定，只是提供了一些诸如产业 设施的严重闲置等参数，而每一个委员会的 委员都可以在每个案件中自由确定其定义。 有“严以待人，宽以律己”之嫌。是一种贸易保 护措施。consequencevThe United States is the worlds largest steel consumer, the move to Americas largest steel suppliers the European Union, the economic losses caused by may have billions of dollars. South Korea, Japan, Brazil and other countries will also suffer damage as a result. v v美国是世界上最大的钢铁消费国，此举给美国最大的钢铁供 应商欧盟，造成的经济损失有可能高达数十亿美元。韩国、 日本、巴西等国也将因此而深受其害。v为报复美国提高进口钢材关税，6月，欧盟对美国部分商品 征收100%的关税，墨西哥、日本、韩国等也纷纷提高关税 或采取紧急保障措施。虽然世贸组织最终裁定美国违反 WTO规则，但钢铁贸易战给双方都带来了巨大的损失，据 估计，单是欧盟2002年就损失高达2.4亿美元。而美国在承 受近数亿元损失的同时，更导致了7.4万个钢铁消费者失业 。 Conclusion vTrade protectionism ostensibly to protect the country from competitive harm or threat actually impeded the development of the industry. From a long-term point of view, not only had a more or less on their economic losses, are dampening the countrys industrial upgrading. v贸易保护主义表面上是使本国免受竞争损害 或者威胁，实际上阻碍了该行业的发展。从 长远角度来看，不但对本国的经济造成了或 多或少损失，更是抑制了本国的产业升级。The endThanks !