Westminster Abbey主讲：徐琰Key PointsMain Functions of the AbbeyMain Architectural Features Situation: An English tour guide is introducing Westminster Abbey to the tourists. It is one of the worlds greatest churches and is located in London.Westminster AbbeyQuestions What are the main functions of Westminster Abbey?What are the main features of the abbey?Westminster AbbeyHello, everyone, we will arrive at Westminster Abbey in a few minutes. Standing near the Houses of Parliament (议会大厦), Westminster Abbey is a Gothic (格特式) monastery church in London and is one of the most prolific ( 丰富的) attractions in Britain.Westminster AbbeyIt is the traditional place for coronations (加冕礼) and burial (葬礼) for English monarchs (君主 ).Westminster AbbeySince 1066 every royal coronation took place in Westminster Abby, with the exception of a couple of unlucky Eds (爱德华家族成员) like the murdered Edward V (爱德华五 世, 1470 - 1483) or abdicated (退位 的) Edward VIII (爱德华八世, 1894 - 1972).Edward V爱德华五世13 岁的爱德华五世即位两个月后就和 他唯一的弟弟约克公爵理查一起神秘 失踪。他们的叔父摄政王 (Lord Protector) 格洛斯特公爵 (Duke of Gloucester) 即位，即理查三世。据说 ，两兄弟是被理查三世秘密关在伦敦 塔并毒害致死。1470 - 1483Edward V爱德华五世At the age of 13, he was King of England from his father Edward IVs death on 9 April 1483 until 26 June of the same year. 1470 - 1483Edward V爱德华五世He was never crowned, and his 86-day reign was dominated by the influence of his uncle and Lord Protector (摄政王), Richard, Duke of Gloucester, who succeeded him as Richard III on 26 June 1483. 1470 - 1483Edward VIII爱德华八世Edward VIII was King of United Kingdom for only one year in 1936. He was one of the shortest- reigning monarchs in British history.1894 - 1972Edward VIII爱德华八世He was the only British monarch who abdicated ( 退位) because of his marriage to an American divorced woman Wallis Simpson.1894 - 1972Edward VIII爱德华八世He was succeeded by his younger brother Albert as George VI (乔治六世) who conferred (授予) a title “Duke of Windsor” (温莎公爵) on him. 1894 - 1972Westminster AbbeyIt was also the venue (场地) of the most famous wedding of Prince William and Kate in 2011.Westminster AbbeySo taking a tour of Westminster Abbey is like leafing through (迅速 翻阅) Britains family photo album; famous names from the nations royal, political and cultural past are commemorated (纪念) here.Westminster AbbeyYou know, on the Westminster Abbey website, the Abbey describes itself as a “must-see living pageant (盛会) of British History.”人们了解活生生的英国历史必到的地方。Westminster AbbeyThats a quite accurate description, considering the incredible (难以相信的 ) amount of history in and around this building.Westminster AbbeyHere is Westminster Abbey. It is considered one of the worlds most famous examples of Gothic (哥特式) architecture.Westminster AbbeyThe present building dates mainly from the reign of King Henry III (亨利三世, 1207 - 1272) .Westminster AbbeyThe architect was remarkably influenced by the new cathedrals at Reims (兰斯), Amiens (亚 眠) and Chartres (沙特尔) ,Amiens Cathedral亚眠大教堂（Amiens Cathedral ）：位于索姆省亚眠市的索姆河 畔，皮卡第地区的中心。始建于 1152年，法国最大教堂之一，墙 壁几乎为每扇12米高的彩色玻璃 覆盖，体现了建筑发展的新观 念。主要有精美的木雕与石刻， 雕塑群体“亚眠圣经”。 Chartres Cathedral沙特尔大教堂：位于沙特尔（巴 黎西南）。初建时为巴西利卡式 ，1220年重建为哥特式。第一 座完全成熟的哥特大教堂，法国 哥特代表作，其建筑结构及平面 配置为后世各大教堂所模仿。两 座不同的塔楼。旧塔罗曼式，新 塔哥特式。正门圣母之窗“沙特 尔蓝”，以蓝色和紫色为主调， 瑰丽奇巧。 The Cathedral of Reims兰斯大教堂：哥特式。始建于 12世纪。在法国历史上的地位 举足轻重，其重要程度绝不亚 于巴黎圣母院。有著名的微 笑天使雕像。先后有25位国 王在此加冕，其中最有名的一 次莫过于，1429年圣女贞德护 送查理七世来这里加冕。 apseradiating chapelchoir 唱诗班south transept 十字形翼部 north transeptnave 正厅treasury 圣器室cloister 回廊aisleWestminster Abbeyflying buttressrose windowWestminster Abbeyribbed vaulting 肋架拱顶pointed archWestminster Abbeyborrowing the ideas of an apse (教堂东端突出 的半圆形殿堂) with radiating chapels and using the characteristic Gothic features of pointed arches (尖拱), ribbed vaulting (肋架拱顶), rose windows and flying buttresses (飞拱).采用教堂东端突出的半圆形殿堂，放射形的小教堂，并运 用哥特式建筑风格的尖拱、肋架拱顶、玫瑰窗和飞拱等。Westminster AbbeyThe design is based on the continental system of geometrical proportion (几何比 例), but its English features include single rather than double aisles and a long nave (教堂正厅) with wide projecting transepts (教堂的十字形翼部).该设计基于欧洲大陆重几何比例方式的建筑风格， 但也融合了英国的建筑元素：只有一个通道而不是 两边的廊道，长长的正厅，宽阔的十字形翼部。Westminster AbbeyThe Abbey has the highest Gothic vault (哥特式穹顶) in England, about 102 feet. And it was made to appear higher by making the aisles narrow. SummaryMain Functions of the AbbeyMain Architectural Features Thanks!