1Analysis of fatalities and injuries involving mining equipmentaThe Pennsylvania State University, Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, 110 Hosler Building, University Park, PA 16802-5000, USAbNuclear Generating StationG2, Hydro-Quebec, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Quebec, Trois-Rivieres, CanadaReceived 11 September 2006; revised 11 January 2007; accepted 15 March 2007. Available online 23 July 2007. AbstractIntroductionDespite significant reductions, the number of injuries and fatalities in mining remains high. A persistent area of concern continues to be equipment-related incidents.尽管大幅减少，伤害和死亡人数在采矿仍然很高。阿持续关注的领域仍然是与设备有关的事件。MethodMine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) and Current Population Survey (CPS) data were used to examine equipment-related injuries over the period 19952004. Incidents were reviewed to determine which types of mining equipment were most often involved and to identify and characterize trends.Results2Non-powered hand tools was the equipment category most often involved with non-fatal injuries while off-road ore haulage was the most common source of fatalities.SummaryYounger employees had an elevated risk of injury while workers 55 years had an elevated risk for fatality. A large majority of incidents involve workers with 55 年已为死亡风险升高。大部分的事故涉及与 55 yr19953627.435.945.511.119963555.634.048.312.119973627.235.147.510.219983577.238.442.511.919993538.431.546.413.720003487.726.251.115.120013474.729.053.013.220023297.027.451.314.220033205.330.751.012.912Percentage by age category YearTotal (in thousands)1624 yr2539 yr4054 yr 55 yr20043295.333.047.314.5Full-size tableCPS demographics were used with the MSHA database to examine the distribution of fatalities and injuries by age category and to estimate the “Risk Index” for each. Results are presented in Table 2. The left side of the table shows the percent of total injuries and fatalities accounted for by each age category for each year. The number of fatalities and injuries are combined in the top half of the table, while fatalities are examined alone in the lower portion. The risk index is calculated by dividing the percentage of injuries attributed to a given age category by the percentage of the total workforce population represented by that category (Table 1). Employees age 1624 years accounted for 7.4% of the mining workforce in 1995 according to CPS data (Table 1) and 8.4% of the recorded fatalities and injuries (Table 2). This corresponds to an injury or risk index of 1.13 (8.4% / 7.4%), which suggests a higher than average risk of injury for this group. The risk index was calculated for the four age categories (1624 years, 2539 years, 4054 years, and 55 years ) for each of the 10 years examined. The mean and standard deviation of the risk indices were then used to estimate a 95% confidence interval thereby allowing the identification of populations for which there was a significant difference in risks (i.e., age groups for which the risk was significantly greater than or less than average index = 1 over the 10 year period examined).Table 2. Distribution of fatalities and injuries by age categories and estimated Risk Index (19952004)13Fatalities and InjuriesPercentageRisk IndexYea rTota l16 24 yr25 39 yr40 54 yr 55 yr16 24 yr25 39 yr40 54 yr 55 yr199 52016 78.441.142.58.11.131.140.930.73199 61837 38.440.043.48.21.491.180.900.68199 71779 09.138.144.38.61.261.090.930.84199 81752 48.837.045.19.11.220.961.060.76199 91575 39.336.744.79.31.101.160.960.68200 01559 29.536.943.89.81.241.410.860.65200 11433 110.035.444.79.92.121.220.840.75200 21309 49.535.744.410.41.351.300.860.73200 31205 09.135.344.211.41.701.150.870.88200 41187 99.736.242.111.91.851.100.890.82ave (sd) =1.45 (0.34)1.17 (0.12)0.91 (0.06)0.75 (0.08)95 % C.I. =( 1.20, 1.69)( 1.08, 1.26)(0.86, 0.96)( 0.70, 0.80)FatalitiesPercentageRisk Index14Fatalities and InjuriesPercentageRisk IndexYea rTota l16 24 yr25 39 yr40 54 yr 55 yr16 24 yr25 39 yr40 54 yr 55 yrYea rTotal 16 24 yr25 39 yr40 54 yr 55 yr16 24 yr25 39 yr40 54 yr 55 yr199 5979.346.435.19.31.251.290.770.83199 6858.237.642.411.81.461.110.880.97199 7914.430.850.514.30.610.881.061.40199 8786.432.138.523.10.890.830.911.94199 9903.331.142.223.30.400.990.911.70200 0853.531.844.720.00.461.210.881.32200 1722.830.654.212.50.591.051.020.94200 26610.627.345.516.71.511.000.891.17200 3559.136.441.812.71.701.180.820.99200 4555.529.140.025.51.040.880.851.75ave (sd) =0.99 (0.47)1.04 (0.15)0.90 (0.09)1.30 (0.39)95 % C.I.( 0.65, 1.32)( 0.93, 1.15)(0.84, 0.96)(1.02, 1.58)15Fatalities and InjuriesPercentageRisk IndexYea rTota l16 24 yr25 39 yr40 54 yr 55 yr16 24 yr25 39 yr40 54 yr 55 yr=Full-size tableResults show that when fatalities and injuries are combined, a significantly greater risk was seen for the 1624 years and 2439 years categories, which had estimated risk indices of 1.45 (1.201.69) and 1.17 (1.081.26), respec