Word studyIs it formal to wear causal dresses at a formal western dinner party?Is it polite to speak loudly at a dinner party?Is it polite to speak loudly at a dinner party?informalimpoliteWord studyThe prefixes, in-, im-, non- and un-， all change the meaning of a word to its opposite. Other examples:non + smoker = non-smoker (meaning “people who dont smoke”) un+ usual= unusual (meaning “not usual , strange”)Which of the following words have negative prefixes? nonstop unfold incorrect important understand invite unlucky impossible uniform interestingReview1. The old man is our English teacher.He is standing at the gate.The old man who is standing at the gate is our English teacher.2. They planted a lot of trees.The trees didnt need much water.They planted a lot of trees which didnt need much water.3. Im looking for a young man.His name is Jeff.Im looking for a young man whose name is Jeff.What differences can you find? She has a son, who is now a professor in a key university. She has a son who is now a professor in a key university.她有个儿子，现在是一所重点大学的教授。 （非限制性定语从句）她有个在一所重点大学当教授的儿子。 （限制性定语从句） The young man said nothing that made her angry. The young man said nothing，which made her angry.这个年轻人没有说使她生气的话。 （限制性定语从句）这个年轻人什么也没有说，这使她很生气。 （非限制性定语从句）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:(1) 限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、确定的作用， 是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就 会不完整，不明确或不合逻辑。这种定语从句和主句 之间不能用逗号隔开。(2)非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松散，只是 对先行词作附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思 仍然完整或清楚。这种定语从句和主句之间须 用逗号隔开。R.A.C限制性定语语从句N.R.A.C 非限制性定语语从句 逗号无有从句不可省可省关系代词词 和关系副 词词that/which/who/ whom/whose/when/w herewhich/who/ whose/when/ where/whom/ as（无that）Conclusion:Conclusion:Group1 A. This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. B. Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a very beautiful city. C. My mother, whom you met last month, keeps telling me to work harder. D. The writer, whose books are popular with us, will visit our school tomorrow. 由第一组例句可知，关系代词which, who, whom, whose等可以引导非限制性定语从 句。 注意：非限制性定语从句不能用关系代词 that引导。Group 2 A. He will come to see me next July, when he wont be so busy. B. We went to the playground, where lots of students were having sports.由第二组例句可知，关系副词when, where等可引 导非限制性定语从句。Group 3 A. The family lived in a big house, in front of which stood many tall trees. B. She talked a lot about Mr. Smith, with whom she had spent a wonderful time. C. He has told us many stories, all of which are about the famous Long March.“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句很常见，介 词后的关系代词主要是which和whom，但不能是 that，如第三组例句。Group 4 A. As we all know, the little girl is good at English and math. B. My brother missed the show, which was really a great pity. C. He is not in good health, as can be seen from his pale face. as和which均可作“这一点”解，指代整个主 句内容，引导非限制性定语从句，并在定 语从句中作主语或宾语，如第四组例句。 注意：as引导的定语从句放在主句前、后 甚至句中均可，而which引导的定语从句只 能放在主句后。表示“正如”的含义时,通常 用as引导非限制性定语从句.Complete the sentences with proper relatives. 1. The temple, _ was built on the bank of the lake in 1456, was destroyed in an earthquake. which2. I walked in our garden, _ Tom and Jim were trying a big sign onto one of the trees. 3. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering.wherewhose3 .4. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. 5. The Yangtze River, on _ another big dam (坝) will be built, is going to produce more electricity (电) for the areas along it.whenwhich6. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy(嫉妒)him. 7. _ is well known to everybody, Taiwan is an inseparable part of China.whichAsExercises1. Her sister has become a lawyer, _ she wanted to be. A. who B. which C. what D. that 2. I have many friends, _ some are businessman. A. of which B. from which C. who of D. of whomBDB3. George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.A. the real name B. what his real nameC. his real name D. whose real name 4. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game.A. which B. why C. that D. what D5. - Is that the small town you often refer to?- Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years. A. that B. which C. where D. what 6. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. itCB 7. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy. A. which B. who C. this D. what 8. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.