Class 7.Foundation of Group Behavior7.1 Defining appears in response to the need for social contract Interest group- Those working together to attain a specific objective with which each is concerned Friendship group-Those brought together because they share one or more common characteristicClass 7. Foundation of Group Behavior7.2 Stages of Group development1. The 5-Stage Model From the mid-1960s Forming-characterized by much uncertainty Storming-intragroup conflict Norming-close relationship ignores organizational setting2.The Punctuated-Equlibrium M Studies of more than a dozen,group dont develop in a universal sequence The timing of when groups form (2) the 1st phase of group activity is one of inertia; (3) a transition takes place at the end of the 1st phase when the group has used up half its allotted time; (4) the transition initiates major changes; (5)a 2nd phase of inertia follows the transition;(6)the groups last meeting is characterized by markedly accelerated activity Class 7. Foundation of Group Behavior7.3 Sociometry An analytical technique for group interaction- -find out who people like or dislike appearance factors(dress,loyalty) the “how” (2)critic events in the history; (3)primacy; (4)carry-over behavior from past situation. Importance. (!)facilitating its survival;(2)increasing the predictability of the behavior; (3)reduces embarrassing interpersonal problems;(4)central value expressing acquired by such characteristic as education,age,gender,skill, groups made up of 5-7 members do a good job of exercising the best elements of both small complex-close attention6.Group task size-performance relationship moderated by task requirement The impact of group processes on the performance 2. diversity of views;3.acceptance of a solution;4.legitimacy disadvantages of groups:1.time consuming; 2.pressures to conform;3.domination by the few; 4.ambiguous responsibility effectiveness speed- individuals are superior; creativity; acceptance2.Groupthink can be either toward conservatism or greater risk3.Group D-M Techniques Interacting groups-typical groups,where members interact with each other face-to-face Brainstorming nominal group technique Delphi technique E-meetingClass 7. Foundation of Group Behavior7.Cohesive work group1.Determinants of cohesiveness Time spent together severity of initiation group size gender of member external threats previous successes2.Effects on productivity Cohesiveness,performance norms (high,high),high; (high,low),low; (low,high),moderate; (low,low), moderate to low;Class 8.Work Team8.1 Teams vs. Groups how do we explain the current popularity of teams? outperforming individuals when the tasks require multiple skill, judgement, experience(better utilize employee talents); facilitating employee participation in D-M, motivational property. 1.Definitions Work Group-interacting primarily to share information Dont share responsibility for each others results Team-Group whose individual efforts result in a performance that is greater than the sum of those individual inputs. -working interdependently Competence-Technical Consistency-Reliability,predictability, Loyalty-Willingness to protect Openness-share ideas freely How to build trust: Demonstrate youre working for others interest as well as your own; Be a team player; Practice openness; Be fair; Speak your feelings; Show consistency in the basic values that guide your D-M; Maintain confidence; Demonstrate competence 8.4 Create team player Design job around team Challenge: 1.Inherent resistance-individual achievers; 2. Individualistic national culture;3.An individual-valued organizational history Shaping team players: Selection-job candidate with team skills, otherwise training,transference to other unit, reject Training-workshop to help improve skills like P- S, communication,negotiation,conflict M,coaching Reward-encourage cooperative efforts rather than competitive ones; intrinsic rewards from team 8.5 Contemporary Issues TQM: the use of team-the essence of process improvement,employee involvement, natural vehicle Work force diversity on team Advantages:Multiple perspective;Greater openness to new ideas; Multiple interpretations; Increased creativity, flexibility, P-S skills. Disadvantages:Ambiguity;Complexity;Confusion;Miscom munication;Difficulty in reaching a agreement,agreeing on specific actions Reinvigorating Mature Teams:1. stagnant, apathy, complacency,groupthinking; 2.success due to easy task 3.mental preparation, refresher training, advanced training, c